Cross -Culture Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Cross -Culture - Essay ExampleManagers therefore w ar to understand the heathen differences in order to operate effectively in the tough business environment. Managers are required to motivate their employees and they can only do that if they know the differences between cultures of employees.Awareness of cultural differences is a must in order to manage employees from different background. For example Japanese and Indian working together will have different needs like in Japan tiffin is the main meal of the day while in India dinner is the main meal. Now a manager has to decide upon the lunch timings so that both the needs of Japanese and Indian employees can be satisfied. This is why cross cultural training is important both for employees and for managers.Hofstedes cultural dimension theory gives six dimensions of values crosswise which people differ with each other. One of those dimensions is the Power Distance Index or PDI. Power place is the extent to which the less powerf ul members of organizations and institutions (like the family) accept and expect that power is distributed unequally. PDI represents inequality in an organization or in a country. Culture that has low PDI is more democratic and people are considered equal. Culture that has senior high school PDI is autocratic and people accept inequality.Brazil has a 69 on PDI which is very high. The world clean on PDI is 55 which mean that Brazil has higher PDI as compared to the average. This means that Brazil is a relatively autocratic society with greater inequalities. Brazils PDI is very similar to Latin American countries. In Brazil people accept that organizational hierarchies exist and also accept lower pays relative to supervisors. A tradition of giving in to the authority exists in the country.Another dimension of Hofstedes theory is individuation versus collectivism. It is the degree to which individuals are integrated into groups. In

Business and Financial Environment Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2250 words

pipeline and Financial Environment - Essay employmentAs the company includes to a greater extent and more debt to its capital structure the rate of Return required by the company increases. WACC which comprises of weighted average of cost of Debt and cost of Equity increases as the firm is exposed to more and more debt. The increase in debt increases the assay of the company and as the debt to equity ratio in a capital structure of the firm increases the Return on Equity required by the firm increases which increases the WACC for the firm. This provide to a fault increase the amount of earnings required by the firm to keep its value to its precedent position.This risk inherent for an organization due to its operations is called melody risk. It is the risk of a firm when it uses no debt. Technically or in terms of formulation it is the uncertainty in the future returns on assets of a firm (ROA). We can write ROA asThis gives us a way to measure the cable risk of an un-levered f irm i.e. measuring deviations in the ROE of that firm. Such a business risk is called firms Basic Business Risk. Business risk is the uncertainty associated with operating cash flows of a business. There are different dimensions of business risk, namely sales risk and operating risk (mtholyoke, 2007). Variations in business risk not all depend on the type of industry a firm is operating in but also varies within the industry from firm to firm. Business risks dependence is influenced by six common factors.a) Demand disagreement the more the variations in demand of a firms product, the more bequeath be its business riskb) gross revenue Price discrepancy firms which operate in a market where prices are stable faces low business risk as compared to the firms which operate in a highly volatile market.c) Input Cost Variability the firms who are weak on the supply side and have high variability in gossip costs are exposed to high riskd) Adaptability of output prices with changes in inp ut prices the firms which are in command to change their output prices with changes in input prices are less exposed to business risk. e) power to develop new products in a timely, cost effective manner the more the industry requires trigger of new products in market, the more the firm will be exposed to business riskf) storey of operating leverage the high the degree of operating leverage the firm is operating at, the more will be its business riskOperating Leverage the firms which have high degree of operation leverage i.e. a major passel of their operations depends upon fixed cost leaves their firms more exposed to business risk. That actor a decline in sales will not decline the cost since major portion of cost is fixed therefore even a smaller decline in sales

Leadership Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words - 1

Leadership - denomination ExampleThe operations function plays a significant role in transformations of inputs into finished products and services, in both successful organization. Operations are directly responsible for decisions and activities relating to design of product and delivery issues. Resourceful murder of this goal adds value to productivity of an organization as it determines how somatic resources are consumed in the production of products, checks on quantities of available inventory in line with the demand of the customers, and determines whether what is produced match the wants of customers.Continuous improvement in the capability of operations and functions affects the productivity of an organization in a number of ways. When referring to efficiency in organizational operations, it entails ensuring lastingness in activities such as suitable and effective communication link between the operations and link business functions. Operations management works hand in h and with business functions such as the purchasing and selling function in an organizations supply chain, in order to agnize the demands of specific group of customers. The operations managers achieve this function by designing products that exactly meet the demands of customers and mankind of production processes that efficiently produce these products. Meanwhile, the marketing function must properly understand the capabilities and limitation of the operations in producing the desired products and services. Moreover, the operations must work closely with purchasing to comprehend readiness of material required, cost and quality of material and the reliability of suppliers. Therefore, operations must understand the needs of customers ensure by the way sourcing of material to support product design. Through continuous improvements in communication routines between the operations, purchasing and marketing function, the organization finds itself in a place where it produces

Strategic Plan on Toyota Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Strategic scheme on Toyota - Essay ExampleThe end of the first quarter of 2012 saw Toyota having 217 associated firms, as well as 511 subsidiaries all over the world. Moreover, while ranked 25th in the world, it is mo nine in sales, number 74 in assets, and number 32 in terms of market value (Forbes.com LLC, 2012). Its range of go carrefours includes commercial automobiles, which includes trucks, minivans, as well as passenger vehicles. Among its subsidiaries are Daihatsu, specializing in compact cars and min-cars, and Hino, which specializes in buses and trucks. Its of import range of passenger cars includes subcompacts, compacts, luxury cars, sports vehicles, SUVs, mid-size vehicles, and recreational cars. In the US, it also has the luxury brand Lexus (Reuters, 2012).The latest pains performance figures give Toyota a market capitalization of $128.9 billion, and a share equipment casualty of $81.41. This share price figure is down somewhat from year highs of about $88, but up from year lows of about $70. Its occurrent P/E ratio of 17.66 is much higher than competition, the closest being Honda, which is trading at a P/E ratio of 15.44. It leads all automobile players in market capitalization, though it is behind the likes of Volkswagen and Honda in terms of margins and operating metrics. (Google, 2012).Snippets of the corporate strategy of Toyota can be gleaned from news relating to its planned reduction of product output in Japan, by 10 percent from 2012 levels, to around 3.1 million vehicles by 2014. This is to be through with(p) with no impact on the employment rolls in the country, with the projected output for 2012 being higher than that 2014 figure, at 3.6 million vehicles (Reuters, 2012b).This is coupled with news relating to planned capacity increases in some subsidiaries, particularly India, where production is slated to develop to 310,000 units per year, an increase of about 50 percent from current production levels. The focus is on sedans a nd hatchback vehicles

Fashion promotion - Miss Dior Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3500 words

Fashion promotion - degenerate Dior - Essay ExampleThis situation is what makes it still available in various stores and outlets. One can clearly understand how fascinating the Miss Dior smell brand has been over the period. betray image of Miss Dior (Top Ten Items on My Anniversary Whishlist 2012) soil value Miss Dior perfume compliments the exuberance, freshness and elegance of fashion line of Dior. It is the synergy stamp of perfume and haute couture at its best. The aroma of Dior perfume was created by Paul Vacher based on a order found out by Jean Carles. Brand Onion The brand onion of the harvest-homes covers three major areas physical features consumer benefits and inherent values. These are marked either negatively or positively. The qualitative outline facilitates the credit entry of not just the mindset of a consumer but also his or her emotions and feelings. (Brand Development 2007) Brand personality The brand personality is achieved in the course of continuous and effective advertisement. The features and attributes of the brand should be correctly communicated to the assed clients. Brand essence Miss Dior perfume comprises a concoction of the fragrances of jasmine, galbanum, oak moss, gardenia, bergamot, rose, narcissus, labdanum, patchouli and sandalwood. Brand in work Miss Dior has a modern kind of fragrance that helps to capture the ageless couture spirit promoted by the brand. Ladies who do this perfume easily project an elegant grace paired with self-confidence and determination of character, which is truly an tantalising combination. Brand Identity Map Brand identify map is the overall expression of a token brand and consists of its trademark, name, communication strategies and also the particular visual appearance, that is the brand identity. Successful brand names of the perfume build some sort of connection between the brand personality of Miss Dior as it is sensed by the target viewers, and the rattling product or servic e. Brand identity focuses on real qualities, real features that the brand promises and its values being sustained and offered by organizational and manufacturing characteristics. The main features and qualities highlighted by the Miss Dior corporation are sophistication, femininity and emotion. The other attributes include long lasting fragrance, better quality, modernization and its brand name. 2. Consumer pen and Promotional Opportunity Analysis Promotion opportunity analysis is the course marketers use to recognize target audiences for an organizations goods and services and their particular communication strategies required to arrive reach out to the public. on that point are mainly five phases in developing an analysis of promotion opportunities and are as follows Competitors- Dior mainly follows the pricing strategy of competitive pricing, that is, they set the represent of the product according to the cost set by their competitors. They also adopt premium pricing strateg y for their particular creation range to emphasize the products exclusiveness. The product faces main competition from Guerlain, Chanel, Prada, Cartier, Lancome, Calvin Klein, Givenchy and Angel de Thierry Mugler. The company faces a tight competition from its competitors. Chanel is angiotensin-converting enzyme of the most recognized organizations in France, which always proposes high quality perfumes at high prices. But the cost of Miss Dior and its opponents are almost similar. So there will not be much inconsistency for the clients in making payment for

Rationalism and Empiricism Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Rationalism and Empiricism - Essay ExampleIt is active the psychological side that Pinker claims, The quondam(prenominal) tense is the only case I fill in in which dickens great systems of westward thought (rationalism and empiricism) whitethorn be tested and compared on a single prolific set of data, just like ordinary scientific hypotheses. But Searle argues among other things that the debate about the past tense is not a case in which two great systems of Western thought (rationalism and empiricism) may be tested and compared on a single rich set of data. Searle argued that the features that make them great systems of Western thought are left unaffected by the discussion of the past tense. Their debate also include history, computation and information processing in relation to rationalism and empiricism where both thoughts oppose individually other.The Cambridge Dictionary of Philosophy which Searle (in Pinker & Searle, 2002) finds is standard, defines rationalism as the p osition that reason presides over other ways of getting knowledge, or that it is the unique path to knowledge. It is most often encountered as a view in epistemology, where it is traditionally contrasted with empiricism, the view that the senses are primary with respect to knowledge (Audi, 1999). Epistemology is the branch of philosophy that asks the question How do we know what we know (Epistemology n.d.). This is a nature/nurture debate then, with Rationalists going for nature and Empiricists going for nurture. Some scientists think that people behave as they do according to genetic predispositions or even animal instincts. This is know as the nature theory of human behavior. Other scientists believe that people think and behave in certain ways because they are taught to do so. This is known as the nurture theory of human behavior (Powell, 2006). Plato and Descartes were famous Rationalists, John Stuart Mill and David Hume were famous Empiricists. The following can be said to be the levels by which rationalism and empiricism may be differentiated.DIFFERENCESEtymology and emphasis. According to Carlo Sini (2004), the name Rationalism obviously derives from the word rational which goes sticker to the Latin, ratio meaning calculation. This in turn goes back to other Latin word, ratus, which is the past participle of reor, meaning think, deem, judge. What runs finished all of these is the emphasis on top dog, an emphasis connected with the word rational as well rationalise, rationality, and similar terms. Empiricism derives from another English word, empiric, meaning, derived from experience. The term empirical was originally used to refer to certain ancient Greek practitioners of music who rejected adherence to the dogmatic doctrines of the day, preferring instead to rely on the observation of phenomena as perceived in experience (Sini, 2004). The doctrine of empiricism was first made by John Locke in the 17th century. Locke argued that the mind is a tab ula rasa (clean slate or blank tabletor white paper) on which experiences leave their marks. To Locke, the mind is like

Break an un written rule of comunication Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Break an un written rationale of comunication - Essay ExampleContravening these rules usually leads to conflict between the communicating parties, especially when inappropriate body speech is offensive, inconsequentially seductive, or abusive. A person must always turn to the door and wait until his or her floor is reached upon entering an elevator, stands as star of the rules. Moreover, when a person is sitting across other lot, he or she should not look at them for more than two seconds. These rules are some of the unwritten rules that people must always respect. In this case, the paper provides my personal experience in which I broke one of the unwritten rules of nonverbal communion while working at a grocery store.Nonverbal communication should be conscious and purposeful. It should not go against ethics, respect the privacy of other people, and articulate the intended centre without digressing. In my case, I happened to break one rule of nonverbal communication when I was attending to a client who had visited the grocery store.As an attendant at the grocery store, I am always so alert that I see a customer that visits the store. On the fateful day, a male customer came to buy some commodities. From afar, he was adorned in a black designer suit that displayed his considerable body with his skin tone beaming with freshness. I was so quick to notice his looks even in the lead he reached the store. My eye were glued to him from the moment he alighted from his car to the time he reached the grocery store. I had given a sufficient amount of time with a stern look that depicted my admiration. He sashayed to the store and was in need of some commodities. At this point, I had already broken the rule of sounding at a person directly for more than two seconds. We had locked eyes, and I looked at him for more than 20 seconds. He frowned and looked at me with sharp eyes perhaps wondering why was looking vacantly into his eyes and outfit. I felt that the man wa s offended since the look he gave me displayed his dismay,

Toy Central Corporation Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Toy Central Corporation - Case Study ExamplePeople with potpourri of roles, such as those who formulate and implement policies and those monitor systems are accountable for the success or mischance of the process. The findings from interim audit procedures conducted in July and August 2007 reveals that the controls over the purchase and allowances systems are managed efficiently. However, the delayed production to assemble the enormous demand during 2006 holiday selling season had also created a lag in the refine running of the business. though a fair quantity of this product was sold out for Valentines twenty-four hour period 2007, rest of them was returned to TCC for a full refund. This created an adverse situation within the firm in managing the inventory. But it does not sound nice to go into the holiday season selling with the same stock again. This control issues essential be looked into by the management. The physical environment in which companies conduct their busines s continues to change dramatically, and it requires the firms to make changes in their policies. Economic factors, advances in technology, and increasing global competition are some of the elements that force the management into greater challenges to control and manage liquidity while increasing sales (Preparing for internal control reporting, 2002). TCC executive go been putting efforts to boost the sales in September, the month that is quiet before the storm by negotiating with the bottom Studios to obtain the right to produce the plastic-cast of the movie Delgo. Even though TCC had accrued $500,000 of sales revenue in September 2007 as expected while do the agreement, it had a delay in reaching the objectives. thither was a delay in reaching the last-place licensing agreement which in turn delayed the final completion of the character toys. In the same way, TCC had invested nearly $150,000 in creating state-of-the-art software tools to develop Linux games. This ending seems to be a wrong one and shows the weakness of the control over financial reporting of the firm. On the other hand, the companies who hold the intellectual property rights to produce popular games currently produce consoles and computers that run on Windows based software. Therefore, investing too much on developing games for Linux based consoles may not leave the expected return over the investment. Most of the disbursements made by TCC were for purchase and of raw materials from suppliers in Taiwan. Though all items were properly accounted, there was inaccuracy in the accounts. One item seemed unusual in comparison to the sample. The motion involved a $10,000 payment to the International Transport Union, requisitioned by TCCs VP-Operations and approved by the CFO. The VP explains that the payment was a gesture of support for U.S. cargo ships workersa gesture we believe is important these days, as transport workers believe they are significantly underpaid and talking about organizi ng work stoppage and strikes (Earley &Philips, 2008). Though it was a non-operating expense, it shows a too much expense on the non-productive functions. The TCCs management had fallen short in making correct financial analysis and preparing effective financial reporting. The findings of the interim report reveal that the retailers dramatically decrease the quantity of toys that they were willing to undertake in 2006 and sustained it through 2007. This reduction in the supply had increase competition among all manufacturers of consumer

Describe either a good or a bad experience with a sales person. What Essay

Describe either a good or a bad experience with a sales person. What made it good or bad - see ExampleI received a call from the spend promoters that I had won a mulct holiday to a beach resort, and to avail this prize I had to visit their daub. As advised, I reached their office and received a warm welcome by the marketing agent. Before explaining about the prize that I won, this agent started explaining about their company and various products they offered. The bottom-line information was not being provided. I had to intervene and involve specifically about the product because I did not have the time as well as patience to listen about something that I was not really interested.Upon interrupting, the agent started explaining about the prize, which was a holiday to a beach resort. When I confirmed that I would be interested to go on a holiday by using this prize, I was shown a very different picture. The agent then started explaining the motion of availing this, so called, pr ize. I then realized this was not a prize, but a marketing and sales promotion activity. To avail the holiday, I had to spend money and would be given stay at subsidise rate, and hence was not free of cost the rest of the costs had to be borne by myself. This was totally horrible and displeasing experience as I was not ready for such risky expenses at that time.Upon erudition about my low level of interest in this scheme, the agent put me through his marketing manager. This manager, indeed, proceed with the sales promotion of the holiday package and excessively tried to meet his other targets by promoting products deal life-time holiday membership to various destinations across the world and so on. The initial holiday package, which was promoted as a lucky prize was a trial sales purchase promotion that did not impress me and also did not seem genuine. Although this attempt from the hotel company was an attempt to reach customers, the sampling and proposed contests did not coh ere with my requirements, interests and situation. Moreover, the entire process

Cochlear implants and the debate within the deaf community. Arguing Research Paper

Cochl auricula atrii implants and the debate indoors the deaf(p) community. Arguing that cochlear implants have been beneficial for the deaf community - Research Paper caseThe external components of the implant contains a microphone that is to be worn behind the ear of the patient, attached to a magnetic transmitter, which is attached to the earpiece and a run processor. Once the implantation is complete, an audiologist uses a computer to fixed the speech processor for the patient. The audiologist sets the processor and programmes it to the appropriate levels of auditory stimulation between sound received from environs and brain nerve cells (Cochlear 1 Ouellette 1248).Once the processor is set, the microphone receives sounds from the environment and sends it to the speech processor, which then performs computation, and transforms the sound to electrical codes and digital format. The digital codes are sent to the outer ear component as coded signals bypassing the ear hairs. The magnetic transformer behind the ear then takes these codes, transforms them to electrodes arrays, and interfaces them to the cochlea. Then the internal device in the cochlea takes these arrays and stimulates the auditory steel fibers that are connected to the brain, whereby the arrays are sent by the auditory nerve of the person to the brain for adaptation (Cochlear 1). This paper seeks to establish that cochlear implants technology is beneficial to the deaf community despite their opposition to the implants during their inception.In order to alleviate fears of the deaf community there have been improvements in cochlea implants technology over clock and hence increased rate of success to patients who have undergone the procedure. Ideally, the procedure is meant to be applied to infants born deaf or those who have developed deafness in their early days. This is because cognitive development of a tiddler into their senses and environment occurs between the ages of 0-3 years. Hence , if the procedure is undertaken during this

Value gap in the hospitality industry Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 7500 words

Value facing pages in the hospitality industry - assay ExampleThe literature review section (above) gives a detailed summary of the information that was obtained in the tier of the secondary research. From this research two primary objectives for the study could be identified. These are To evaluate the discrepancy gap between the clients expectations and perception of their overall experience with the offered service To identify the factors that rear customer satisfaction in the hotel industry In order to investigate these objectives both(prenominal) qualitative and denary research were used. It was not functional to examine the hotel industry as a whole, an as a consequence four London establish hotels were used in order to examine these factors. 3.2 Research Philosophy Yin (2003) considers two different methods that can be used while conducting research, either qualitative or quantitative. These methods refer to the way the researcher treats and analyses the collected entro py as well as the data itself. The qualitative research approach is less formal and ground on unsystematic and unstructured observations. There is little to no numerical component of the research, and consequently it consists broadly of observations and can be difficult to analyse. According to Corbin and Strauss (2007) qualitative verbal analysis is often used in order to gain proper understanding of the phenomenon. The use of this method is to value and study the entire situation. quantifiable research has a foundation of numerical data, which then are calculated and accessible in figures with statistics therefore, the quantitative research is more standardized (Corbin & Strauss 2007). A positive side of the quantitative approach is that it is rather loose to generalize from the gathered resources. This study took an interpretive paradigm that stresses differences in individuals perceptions of social reality that vary across time and place. Interpretive approach thus requires the researcher to conduct a comprehensive investigation of the phenomenon forrader drawing any inferences (Klein & Myers 1999). However, since interpretive approach is predominately qualitative, elements of positivism, notably quantitative and statistical techniques were incorporated into the analysis to enhance the generalisability of results. A combined approach of both qualitative and quantitative methods enabled the researcher to understand why customer experience and customer satisfaction are different, and to identify the specific factors that make the two different. To accomplish this both interviews and the survey questionnaire were used in this study. 3.3 Population The primary mandate of the researcher was to choose a exemplification whose collected data could be generalised for the entire population of managers, employees and customers from the hotel industry in London. The management including CEOs, supervisors, surgical incision heads, managers, and team leaders were among the population targeted to be included in this study. This population was relevant for this study because it has the fellowship and experience of the perceived differences between customer experience and customer satisfaction. Therefore, their views and perceptions were ideal for this study particularly in answering the research questions. For this study, staff members from four hotels were used as the study population. The specific hotels were

Paper does not have a topic you have to pick it yourself Essay

Paper does non suck a topic you have to pick it yourself - Essay Examplet is similar because both the poem and the Memoir present aspects of biography which have not been discovered by many, this paper will shed more light upon the similarities surrounded by the two.The poem has hidden meaning in it the literal meaning of the poem is very(prenominal) easy to understand. A traveller reaches a fork in the road and is discombobulated because the road shows the traveler two choices, the traveler after much thinking, chooses the road less travelled by people. The figurative meaning of the poem reflects upon the choices that we gain ground in our lives. We can either choose a road which is very frequently chosen by other people or we can choose to walk on a road which is just chosen by other people. After making our choice, we would always have regrets because the road not taken would always force us to think rough the endless possibilities. This is what the poem is all about and t his poem is rattling popular, Robert Frost became a household name because of this poem. Aria is also very similar because it presents aspects that simply very few have experienced in their lives this is exactly how they are similar. The Road not taken suggests that the poet took the less travelled road and in Aria also the readers get to see something very similar. Rodriguez who is the main caliber in Aria feels very comfortable and safe growing up in his neighborhood, the Spanish neighborhood of his is really noisy and disturbing but he finds solace, similarly in Road not Taken the poet suggests that not many take the road not taken because they are comfortable doing what others do, this is again a very big similarity between the two.When I went up to look at my grandmother, I saw her by dint of the haze of a veil draped over the open lid of the casket. Her face looked calm-but distant and dour to love. It was not the face I remembered seeing most often. It was the face she made in public when the salesclerk at Safeway asked her some question and I would need to respond. It was her

Guest speaker paper Movie Review Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Guest verbalizer unit paper - Movie Review ExampleThe presentation seems to cover the fundamental aspects of marketing and their relevance in the hospitality industry. Incorporation of the modern advancement in information technology is highlighted by the guest verbaliser as instrumental in determining the success of hospitality industry. commercializeing must therefore take comprehensive consumer feedback systems. This would help the hospitality company to make necessary adjustments and fill the demand gap which give go a long way in boosting the image of the firm. The speaker focusses on the need to surveil new hospitality and give way marketing management practices in order to remain relevant in the market (Nykiel,2012). Positioning is pointed out as a critical tool in enhancing the positive government issue in any marketing endeavors. This would be achieved through in-depth analysis of market trend and emerging consumer behavior. Market segmentation and 8Ps are explored by the speaker as they are considered core in boosting the overall delineate goals. Embracing diverse cultural background of the hospitality consumer community is a strong variable when it comes to attaining customer satisfaction. The presentation has exhausted the expected marketing plan strategies and its impact in determining the success of an alert company or potential entrant.The speakers contribution in hospitality marketing offers an incursion into the underlying concepts in organization success. Management practices and flexibility to emerging changes remains key in achieving nearsighted and long term goals. It is worth to note that intensifying competition in the hospitality industry calls for in force(p) marketing plan. The plan must accommodate changes as market trend evaluation takes course. Hospitality and travel industry has experienced significant changes due to the influence of globalization (Nykiel, 2012). In essence, I believe the speakers ideas would be help ful in understanding the marketing management transition

Business Ethics Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words - 4

Business Ethics - Case Study ExampleArthur Andersons wrong and fraudulent dealings with companies such as Enron, WorldCom, Dynegy, and Sunbeam led to its indictment on 15th work on 2002.Arthur Andersen reputation in auditing and accounting then was unmatched by any other company referable to its unrivaled commitment of its founder. Arthur Andersen preferred to lose a client rather than change the audits to reflect dishonest information. Boyd sarcastically quotes the words of Arthur, who once told a customer There is not enough money in the Chicago to induce me to change that report (583). The company lost that customer due to of Arthur Andersons clean-living stand. Arthurs motto was Think straight, Talk straight (Boyd 583). When Andersen was the CEO of the Arthur Andersen, Arthur Andersen was a place where integrity mattered to a greater extent than fees (583). Boyd in his review of the book, Final Accounting Ambition, Greed and the Fall of Arthur Andersen, quotes words of Arthu r in his 1932 speechIf the presumption of the public is the integrity of accountants report is shaken, their value is gone. To preserve the integrity of his accounting reports, an accountant must swear upon absolute independence judgment and action....preserving his position of independence indicates certain standards of conduct. (583).Arthur Anderson died in 1947, and he was succeeded by Leonard spaced-out as the CEO. Fernando states that Spacey adopted the same culture of honesty, integrity, and ethical practices until Arthur Andersen was accorded the honors of being elected to the Accounting residency of Fame of Ohio University in 1953. Despite its reputation that had taken years of commitment to build, Arthur Andersen found itself under a serial of unending unethical scandals. These scandals involved companies such as Waste Management (1997), Sunbeam (1998), Baptist Foundation (1999), and Enron (2001).During the 1990s, sequence

Ethical and Psychological Egoism Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Ethical and Psychological Egoism - Essay lessonEgoism states that people cultivate in their own self-interest. Psychological Egoism contends that people always enactment in their own self-interest, while Ethical Egoism states that people ought to act in that fashion. Unlike Kantian ethics, which gives us a choice that is driven by its own moral good, Psychological Egoism leaves the thespian no choice. It strips free will and turns our ends over to a primal need to be self at rest and self-fulfilled (Moseley 2006). Accordingly, every action we take is in our own self-interest.Psychological Egoism has been rejected as a theory because it can non be proved, its opposite can not be disproved, and it is a unkindly theory. If every action we take is in our own self-interest, then no matter what we do we barely justify the action by altering the definition. Every action is driven by self-interest. Therefore altogether self-interest actions are actions and all actions are actions. It becomes a tautology and a closed theory. It has a indistinct version that allows for altruism. However, it disproves itself by stating that A. All actions are self-interest and B. Some actions may be altruistic. If B is current then A is false and vice-versa.Ethical Egoism states that we ought to act in our own self-interest. This theory allows humankind to make a choice and only dictates what the choice should be. It allows for emotion, judgment, and free will. Capitalism, as described by Ayn Rand, is found on Ethical Egoism (Bass n.d.). It contends that there is no greater good or larger entity foreign the self. It also allows for altruism as a self-serving action. The strong version states that it is always moral to act in self-interest and it is never moral not to. The weak version allows for a situation where not acting in your self-interest may be moral. This could include selflessly helping an accident dupe or sharing your money with the poor. The Ethical version of Egoism states that we should always act in self-interest. If we conform to the philosophy, we would always act in self-interest and would be acting in the same manner as the Psychological version, which says we always do. However, the difference lies in the Ethical versions allowance for mans judgment. It is not driven by a deep psychological force, but rather by thought and reason. These are the contrasting motivational forces groundwork the theories. This difference is apparent when we are faced with a decision. According to the Psychological version, there is no decision to be made. We will take an action and it will be defined as self-interest. Ethical opportunism gives us a choice. Its advocates believe that what is good for the individual is good for the family, country, and world. It is this belief in individual accomplishment and satisfaction that supporters say fuels capitalism.Critics of Egoism contend that it leads to greed, avarice, and exploitation. Psychological Eg oism, besides its unprovable circular logic, is faced with other problem. As Crouch (2007) says, If our egoism is subconscious then we cannot even know by deep self-contemplation if our actions are motivated by self-interest. Ethical Egoism is more generally accepted because it allows actions that may not be in self-interest. It also accounts for the definition of self-interest. Taking a friends money may take care to be self-interest, but the consequences are not. The Ethical version