Peer Evaluation

BARS Instructions For Evaluator: ? Circle a score of 1 through 5 in each category based on the team member’s performance below. ? Average the scores provided by your team members by adding them together and dividing by 4 and place it in the space below. Evaluator’s Total: 20 Final Grade for BARS: __ Evaluation Ratings Scale Please indicate your views on each individual member by scoring them on the scale provided. We understand that some of the descriptions of the member may coincide with one another; but, from the descriptions listed below, we will put best possible number that best fits the efforts of the member.Contributing To Team Success: Actively participating as a member of a team to move the team toward the completion of goals. 1 = No Effort Given No effort was put into helping the team at all, let others volunteer their time and efforts No effort or ideas given Puts down other members ideas 2 = A Little More Than Nothing Completed one assignment give Gave just enough effort to slide by Gave 1 idea, while shutting down others ideas 3 = Needs Help †¢ Tasks assigned though some completed were usually left for other members to ick up †¢ Ignores team and organizational goals expected of them such as: completing tasks, researching, giving the ideas, and so forth. †¢ Does not give input in meetings; avoids sharing thoughts/input. Says just enough to get in and out as soon as possible. 4 = Meets Expectations Completes fair share of responsibilities by doing just the required amount of work instead of going above and beyond to help others and their tasks. Helps others perform tasks and reach goals only if it doesn’t inconvenience them.Subordinates own personal goals for the good of the team. 5 = High Performing Always comes ready with ideas and the initiative to get the job done for the group. Helps other achieve without expectation of recognition and does the work at hand without waiting on others to ask for help. Assists fe llow team members and takes on added responsibility without being asked. Communication: Clearly conveying and receiving information and ideas through a variety of outlets to group members. 1 = No Effort GivenDid not come prepared for discussions, never gave ideas, just sat there and gave no effort No participation in class was reached, whether in sending in question or answering them for the class assignments Did not inform members of their absence or being late to class 2 = A Little More Than Nothing Responded to at least 2 to 3 emails, text, or other forms of communication but was always late Gave at least 2 ideas during the entire course’s group meetings and gave at least two discussions points for projects Informed only one member of their absence or tardiness at least once. 3 = Needs ImprovementResponded to at least half of all emails, text, or other forms of communication but was usually late Gave 3 ideas during the entire course’s group meetings and at gave at l east 4 discussion points for projects. Informed all members of their absence or tardiness at least once 4 = Meets Expectations Responded to a majority of the emails, text, or other forms of communication in a descent time manner. Effort was put forth in communicating ideas for group meetings, gave at least 4 ideas during the entire course’s group meetings, and gave at least 4 discussions points for projects.Informed all members of their absence and tardiness 5 = High Performing Responded to every email, text, or other form of communication on time. Came prepared for every group discussion, gave others their chance to speak, gave at least 6 ideas during the entire course’s group meetings, and gave at least 6 discussion points as well. Informed all members of their absence and tardiness. Initiating Action: Taking prompt action to accomplish team assignments; taking action to achieve goals beyond what is required; being proactive. 1 = No Effort GivenNo action or effort in achieving a goal as a group was met. Always waited for others to step up and volunteer for work. If a project was given to them another member had to come behind and clean up their work or do the work 2 = A Little More Than Nothing Accomplished one task given to them Waits for others to tell he or she what to do All work given was appeared to be done right before class with minimal effort in citing, grammar, spelling, and so forth. 3 = Needs Improvement Does not take appropriate action to accomplish tasks.Completes 7 out of 10 assignments. Is not proactive; but reactive; avoids work. Fails to follow through on projects/processes. Always waits for others to review his or her work. 4 = Meets Expectations Takes appropriate action to accomplish tasks. Completes 9 out of 10 assignments Takes action when appropriate; does not wait for others to take action. This member is more of a pusher for the group instead of one that has to be pulled. Always completes projects in a timely manner to complete objectives and achieve goals for the team 5 = High PerformingAction is taken to achieve goals ahead of schedule; anxious to complete high-quality, professional work in a timely manner. Anticipates setting new goals as experience and knowledge increases. Encourages others to do their part in performing and helping the group achieve their goal of getting an A. Managing Work: Effectively managing one’s time and resources to ensure that work is completed efficiently; makes timely notice of not being in class/meeting or tardiness. 1 = No Effort Given Work was never turned in Never completed his or her own work but left it for other to do Without other group members they would be lost. = A Little More than Nothing Work came in late every time, that is if it made it Would complete half of the work given to him or her but another member would have to come behind their work and clean it up or redo the work for it to be expectable. Highly dependable on others. 3 = Needs Improv ement Work is not completed in a timely manner or completed Completed all the work given to them but other members had to help polish the work before it could be turned Depended on others after their share of work was completed in order to reach a polished project = Meets Expectations †¢ Work completed in a timely manner †¢ Completed all work given on time and without the need of others help †¢ Only depended on other members when other members were required to help complete the project. 5 = High Performing Work is always completed on time or ahead of schedule and needs no help from others, unless required Encourages others to do their part in performing and helping the group achieve their goal of getting an A.Only depended on other member when other members were required to help complete the project We understand the course credit is earned at each meeting. Meetings and preparation may be changed with majority agreement – if the change is possible for all parti es. Report changes to the instructor. Signed and Dated Team Members 1. _______________________________________ 2. _________________________________________ 3. ________________________________________ 4. __________________________________________

Police Corruption Essay

Police corruption is a complex issue. Police corruption or the abuse of authority by a police officer, acting officially to fulfill personal needs or wants, is a growing problem in the United States today. Things such as an Internal Affairs department, a strong leadership organization, and community support are just a few considerations in the prevention of police corruption. Controlling corruption from the departmental level requires a strong leadership organization, because corruption can take place anywhere from the patrol officer to the chief. The top administrator must make it clear from the start that he and the other members of the department are against any form of corrupt activity, and that it will not be tolerated in any way, shape, or form. So there are ways to prevent police corruption from happening. An investigation of a local newspaper or any police-related edited in an urban city during any given week would most likely have an article about a police officer that got caught committing some kind of corrupt act. Police corruption has increased with the illegal cocaine trade, with officers acting alone or in-groups to steal money from dealers or distribute cocaine themselves. Large groups of corrupt police have been caught in New York, New Orleans, Washington, DC, and Los Angeles, as well as many other cities. Corruption within police departments falls into 2 basic ranks, external corruption and internal corruption. Corruption in policing is usually viewed as the mistreatment of authority by police officer acting formally to fulfill their personal needs or wants. For a corrupt act to occur, three distinct elements of police corruption must be present simultaneously: 1) Mishandling of authority, 2) Mishandling of official capacity, and 3) Mishandling of personal attainment (Dantzke r, 1995: p 157). It can be said that power, it is necessarily so tends to corrupt. It is now to be  recognized that while there is no reason to assume that policemen as an individual is any less capable to make a mistake than other members of society, people are often shocked when policemen are exposed violating the law. The reason is simple; their deviance elicits a special feeling of betrayal. â€Å"Most studies support the view that corruption is endemic, if not universal, in police departments. The danger of corruption for police; is that it may invert the formal goals of the organization and may lead to the use of organizational power to encourage and create crime rather than to deter it† (Sherman 1978: p 31). Police corruption falls into two major categories– external corruption, which concerns police contacts with the public; and internal corruption, which involves the relationships among policemen within the works of the police department. The external corruption generally consists of one or more of the following activities: 1) Payoffs to the police, by people who essentially violate non-criminal elements, who fail to comply with stringent statutes or city ordinances. 2) Payoffs to the police, by individuals who continually break the law, using various methods to earn illegal mo ney. 3) â€Å"Clean Graft† where money is paid to the police for services, or where courtesy discounts are given as a matter of course to the police. â€Å"Police officers have been involved in activities such as illegal exaction of money and/or narcotics from drug violators. In order for these violators to avoid arrest, the police officers have accepted bribes, and accepted narcotics, which they turned around and sold. These police know of the violations, and fail to take proper enforcement action. They have entered into personal associations with narcotics criminals and in some cases have used narcotics. They have given false testimonies in court in order to obtain dismissal of the charges against a defendant† (Sherman 1978: p 129). A scandal is perceived both as a socially constructed phenomenon, and as an agent of change that can lead to state of agreement in the structure of power within organizations. Is there a solution to the police corruption problem? Probably not, because since its beginnings, many aspects of policing have changed, but one thing that has not, is the existence of corruption. Police agencies, in an attempt to eliminate corruption have tried everything from increasing salaries, requiring more training and education, and developing policies which are intended to focus directly of factors leading to corruption. Despite police departments’ attempts to  control cor ruption, it still occurs. Regardless of the fact, police corruption cannot simply be over looked. Controlling corruption is the only way that we can really limit corruption, because corruption is the byproduct of the individual police officer, and police environmental factors; therefore, control must come from not only the police department, but it also must require the assistance and support of the community members. If a police administrator does not act strongly with disciplinary action against any corrupt activity, the message conveyed to other officers within the department would not be that of intimated nature. In addition it may even increase corruption, because officers feel no actions will be taken against them. Another way that police agencies can control its corruption problem starts originally in the academy. Ethical decisions and behavior should be taught. If they fail to, it would make officers unaware of the consequences of corruption and do nothing but encourage it. Finally, many police depart ment’s especially large ones should have an Internal Affairs unit, which operates to investigate improper conduct of police departments. These units’ some-times are run within the department. Citation Dantzker, Mark L. (1995). Understanding Today’s Police. Officials Say Police Corruption is Hard To Stop. Sherman, Lawrence W. (1978)

Advantages and Disadvantages of the Epidural

Advantages and Disadvantages of the Epidural Is epidural the best of all words – no pain but full consciousness? (Yerby, 2000). Discuss During pregnancy many women give some thought on what they will do to cope with labour pain. Some women aim to have the most natural type of birth, with the least possible pharmacological interventions. Others request a pain free labour, such as opting for an epidural anaesthesia as a type of pain relief. But do women actually know about the risks epidural anaesthesia can create for them and their baby? Or do they opt for it just because they heard other mothers say that it was the best? Epidural anaesthesia is a type of regional anaesthesia which is rapidly increasing in its popularity. Epidural works by blocking nerve conductions from the lower spinal segments, resulting in a decreased sensation in the lower half of the body, while at the same time the mother is still awake and conscious (Fraser & Cooper, 2009). The drug is administered in the lower back, into the epidural space, spec ifically in the lumbar region between lumbar 1 and 4. This is achieved by cautiously inserting a Tuohy needle through the lumbar intervertebral space. Once the epidural space is reached, a catheter is threaded through the needle, which will facilitate the administration of the drug either by bolus top ups or continuous infusion. Once epidural is injected, it will start to exhibit its effect within approximately 20 minutes (Johnson & Taylor, 2011). Indications for using epidural anaesthesia There is no absolute indication for opting for epidural anaesthesia, however clinical instances may include: Maternal request: mothers now acknowledge the fact that they can give birth with the least possible amount of pain. Today the majority of parents already have a plan in mind of what they wish and request for their birth experience. Having ongoing accessibility to internet encourages parents to search for types of pain relief, allowing them to make their own choices of what they think is bes t for them. Upon searching and from what they hear from other mothers, they are actually believing that epidural is one of the best choices of pain relief medication (Johnson & Taylor, 2011). Pain relief: prolonged labour can be very tiring and stressful for the mother. Having an epidural can help in reducing the continuous stress of contractions and can possibly help the mother to relax, making her able to conserve energy for later use during the active phase of the second stage of labour (Johnson & Taylor, 2011). Hypotension: epidural has the potential to lower down the blood pressure. This can be used as an advantage for women who suffer from high blood pressure. Thus this anaesthesia can possibly stabilise the blood pressure during labour, aiming to reduce complications (Johnson & Taylor, 2011). Preterm labour: epidural aims to decrease the sensation of powerful contractions and so can be opted for to possibly lower the desire to push during a preterm labour. Use of such anaesth esia depends on the specific condition of the mother and the baby (Johnson & Taylor, 2011). Side effects of epidural anaesthesia on the mother Opting for an epidural can deliver a good experience amongst many women. Mothers are able to rest and relax from the painful contractions while at the same time they are awake and conscious. However, opting for this anaesthesia is very likely to be the beginning of a ‘cascade of interventions’. This means that birth can be transformed into a very medicalised experience, ending up with the mother feeling that she has lost control over her own birth experience. In fact, the World Health Organization states that, â€Å"epidural analgesia is one of the most striking examples of the medicalisation of normal birth, transforming a physiological event into a medical procedure.†

Corporate Finance and Risk Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words

Corporate Finance and Risk - Essay Example While Cheapmart has had a successful history in the United States and most West European nations, the company has faced some issues in Germany and Japan due to compliance issues with local legislation. Cheapmart is known for providing low cost retail products and is popular with millions of consumers as a cheap alternative for day-to-day groceries. The company sources a major chunk of its products mostly from cheap producers especially in the Far East and South East Asia and relies immensely on sound management for providing quality products at the cheapest prices to its customers. The ability of ‘Cheapmart’ to offer products at highly competitive prices can be attributed directly to its rapid growth as well as a highly efficient logistics system that the company has established with suppliers across the globe enabling it to secure cheap and fresh goods. Cheapmart is also a source of employment with the local communities where it operates. The Account history for Cheapmart has been sourced from its Annual report that provides information on various financial parameters such as Assets (A), Liabilities (D), Total shareholder Equity (E), Earnings before Interest and Taxes (EBIT) and the Interest payment (I). The overall financial performance of the company in terms of these variables during the financial year 2009 has been stated below. Matrices from page 17 to 30 have also been included. The only difference is that the pdf explains the process in a step by step manner and most are in fact exercises for the user. The cumulative probability table and thereafter provides a composite outlook.) From an overall perspective, Cheapmart operates under three market conditions namely good, average and bad. The prospects of sales depend on per-capita consumer spending and the average consumption of a customer in kilos per year (since Cheapmart is primarily a grocery chain). Financial risk: Alan Hippe, CEO of Continental, noted that the total

Case study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 55

Case Study Example This is because of the complicated legal, cultural and ethical challenges that come with the exclusive policies that China embodies as a nation. Ethics is a code of behavior that a particular society considers moral and appropriate for ensuring good relationships amongst them. Different counties have different laws and authorities that govern them and therefore, what seems right to a people of one nation may seem entirely wrong or even of criminal basis for the laws of the other nation. The PRC government considers Google as a major source of jeopardizing the security of the nation and divulging state security and promoting hatred among the people. According to the PRC, Google contributes to the spread of rumors as well as the promulgation of false news. Socially, the culture of the Chinese people felt disturbed by the actions of Google (Levy, 2011). Religion is an important factor in China and interfering with it creates the impression that one promotes evil cults. Legally speaking, the laws governing international business in the PRC are very tight. The control that the government has over businesses in the PRC is so enormous that freedom of operation is minimal. To work well with the government, some policies had to be set and Google Company had to follow them for successful business. The government has employed a number of methods to help control the online content and expression. This includes Website or IP address blocking and keyword filtering otherwise known as â€Å"The Great Firewall of China†. Under the policy of internet censorship, more than 2600 websites are currently under scrutiny in mainland China. These include Google+, YouTube, Facebook, Picasa, Word press, Dropbox and many others. Google therefore adhered to the PRC government policies and allowed Censorship. This included the removal several of its news sites from its news search engine in 2006. The PRC was of the idea that

International Business Strategy Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words - 1

International Business Strategy - Essay Example Productivity of the public sector is again less competent compared to that of the private sector (Bhatia and Drew, 2006). Hence, in order to improve service of the public sector, the authorities are now concentrating on a technique called â€Å"lean management† so as to achieve higher efficiency. This practice has been used extensively in the private sector over years and has shown positive results (Dixon, 2012). This technique is nowadays used in a large variety of public services like, income tax processing, health care systems and urban planning systems, to enhance quality of the service. The lean management system is particularly crucial for the public sector because this improves quality of the service as well as reduces cost of providing them (Panneerselvam, 2005). The concept of lean management has been used both in the field of services and manufacturing. The concept was originally derived from Japanese manufacturing plants. The basic concept behind the idea is that if any process in unable to create value in the process of production, then it must be eliminated. The working of lean management is based on four main principles of flow, value, value stream and pull (Feld, 2001). The first one relates to elimination of interruptions from the process of production; the second one relates to price that customers are willing to pay for the products; the third one relates to elimination of the non-value activities; and finally the fourth factor relates to streamlining the products and process, until final consumption is made (Fliedner, 2011). The use of lean production techniques was embraced by the public sector for a number of reasons, namely quality of service, cost and resolving customer issues. Proper implementation of lean management system has the capability of improving the entire operating system by altering

What are the issues facing the WTO in 2006 Essay

What are the issues facing the WTO in 2006 - Essay Example Trade liberalization aimed at the economic development of poorer countries through export growth hangs in the balance, with the United States and European Union poised as spoilers. These are the main issues facing the WTO in 2006. This has arguably been the most critical year in the history of the organization. The founding principles of the WTO – trade liberalization that yields a rising tide that raises all ships; and the fair and timely resolution of trade disputes – hang in the balance as richer countries are reluctant to proffer greater access to their markets in exchange for access to markets that may lack the capacity to fully reciprocate the benefits. In 2006, the question of whether truly free trade between rich and poor countries is even possible, assuming countries act in their self interest, is perhaps more palpable than it has ever been before. As membership in the WTO increases, the effectiveness of the trade body in living up to its founding purposes will become increasingly scrutinized. Nevertheless, the benefits of membership in the organization are clear for both rich and poor countries alike. While lowering trade barriers has been perceived as a greater benefit for poor countries, the ability of wealthier countries to effectively resolve disputes, with real teeth behind the adjudication of trade disagreements, has made membership desirable. The issues that have arisen in 2006 have made clear that the WTO is here to stay. The promise of the WTO for poor countries has been the ability to boost exports for manufactured and agricultural products, which tend to be the main focus of production for less developed countries. Several years after wealthy countries agreed to forge an international trade system in which less developed countries could thrive, little substance has been achieved. â€Å"Rich countries promised 41/2 years ago to make the global trade system fairer for poor countries, changing rules to help them reap the rewards of

Maritime security Coursework Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Maritime security - Coursework Example The Navy has been maintaining the maritime security until recently when their activities are being downsized by the introduction of Private Maritime Organizations. Factors such as reduced spending on the military by armed forces in developed nations, availability of fewer people to enlist and smaller forces available for counter-piracy. In addition, increased use of military robots (UUVs, UAVs, USvs), concentrated in the Asia Pacific region and increased reliance on private maritime security companies to defend themselves will reduce the role and capabilities of the military in the future (Klein 2011, p. 23). The insecurities in the marine have increased in this current century more than the other centuries because of the technological advancement. Hijackers have advanced the weapons that they used to improve their piracy works. The Private maritime operations were seen to adapt quickly to having modern weapons to fight the terrorists and the pirates. It is one of the reasons as to why it has attracted many employers along the coast. For example, the West Africa region has suffered theft, and it has increased since 1990s. The hijacking of cargo is intense in the Bight of Benin in Lagos, Ivory Coast, and Gabon. The hijackers are usually targeting the ships that have petroleum goods and sell the stolen petroleum products at low prices. Kidnapping activities are intense to the South of the Niger Delta Region, in Bight of Bonny. Maritime security operations should be put in place so that the West region can be transporting the petroleum safely to the market. Nigeria’s economy depends on the oil sales (Klein 2011, p. 24). Therefore, there is much need to enhance security in the marine area to ensure safety and to reduce casualties in case is of an attack. Today, the PMOs are at the forefrontofgiving security to the navigators and to

The Criminal Justice System Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

The Criminal Justice System - Essay Example Two main models that are used to determine which acts are crimes by society are the consensus model and the conflict model (Farmer 2008). According to the former, criminal behaviour is any act that is in conflict with the beliefs and values of the whole society. This model holds the assumption that as diverse as people and communities are, they can have similar morals. On its part, the conflict model holds that criminal law is determined by those people who hold social, political, and economic power within a given community. One of the theories that apply to crime is the rational choice theory. Also called the decision theory, this theory suggests that humans commit crimes because they serve the interests of the actors or rather bring more benefit as opposed to harm to them. This theory is based on the assumption that the criminal commits crime because they experience a constraint in choice. In this respect, the theory argues that to deter crime effectively, the cost of crime should be set so high that every reasonable person will shun it. The Government Structure As It Applies To the Criminal Justice System The criminal justice system comprises a collection of local, state and federal (public) agencies that are dedicated to dealing with crime (Randolph, 2005). In many cases, the decision of one agency affects the decisions of other agencies in matters related to crime.

Which Sources of Knowledge Essay Example for Free

Which Sources of Knowledge Essay Which Sources of Knowledge books, web sites, the media, personal experience, authorities or some other- do you consider most trustworthy, and why? Who Can You Trust? In a world filled with more accessible information than ever before, it is much more difficult to evaluate what is truth and what is not. Which sources can you trust? From books to personal experience, one must look carefully at each and determine its level of reliability. Some of the most trusted sources of knowledge are books. Almost everything we learn in school is from a book. We spend close to $300 every year to buy these teaching tools. Yet, have we ever stopped to think about the credibility of these sources? Many of us read books and automatically assume that the information is true. Our knowledge obtained from books is purely authoritative knowledge (with some exceptions). Therefore, we cannot fully trust the information in a book unless the authorities are credible. How can we establish this credibility? A books credibility relies on its authors credentials, sources, publisher, and copyright date. The author should be qualified in his or her field. One flaw in the book Mere Christianity is the fact that C. S. Lewis is not a qualified theologian, so a reader cannot accept all of his ideas so readily. A reader should always take into account the bibliography to ensure that the author is using factual sources. The book should be published by a well-known company, so that the reader knows the information has been rigorously tested and evaluated. In any book, one should always consider the copyright date. For literature, this will help the reader understand the historical context of the language, ideas, and arguments presented in the story. For science books, the copyright date must be new, because scientific knowledge changes almost every day. More importantly than any of these, it is up to the reader to read critically, being aware of any biases. For example, history books cannot always be trusted because history is often seen through a narrow scope. The American Revolution is so embraced by Americans because the Patriots fought against British oppression and taxes. However, the British taxes were not oppressive at all; they were actually negligible compared to the taxes we pay today. History books bring with them another area of knowledge with its own problems. It is impossible to completely record the events of history with perfect accuracy. Everything written should be read with a critical eye. While much information is obtained through books, surely the largest source of information is the Internet. Can web sites be trusted? Once again, we are faced with the problems of authoritative knowledge with Internet web sites. They are created by someone whom you most likely do not know, so how can you be sure that the information given is truth? Web sites should be treated in the same manner as books, but more web sites should be less trusted than books for several reasons. Almost anybody can create a website, but not everybody can publish a book. A web site does not undergo the same rigorous editing tests that books do. A class of 16 year olds created websites for a school project, but not all of those websites contain truth. When obtaining information from the Internet, it would be even more important to compare the information given from many different web sites. If the same information is found repeatedly and consistently in many different web sites, it is most likely a sure fact. Again, a critical eye must be used, making sure the web site creator bases his or her arguments on logical reasoning and accepted facts, and not careless emotions. Books and web sites are generally trusted sources of knowledge, but the media is a highly criticized medium, for good reason.

Needs of Specific Groups of Disabled or Older People

Needs of Specific Groups of Disabled or Older People Outlining the impairments, conditions, rights, and needs of specific groups of disabled or older people Rhojoesa Bingayen 3.1-3.3  A. People with autism spectrum disorders (ASD)   Autism Autism is a complex developmental disorder of brain function accompanied by a broad range of severity of intellectual and behavioural deficits. It usually begins within the first two-and-a-half years of a child’s life (Gillberg et.al., 2011). It causes affected children to experience the world differently from the way most other kids do. Autistic children often appear normal physically but their behaviour may often times seem strange and disturbing as compared to normal children. Autism is marked by three prominent symptoms, which are – impairments in social interaction, impairment in communication, and repetitive behaviour. Children with autism display extreme odd behaviours in the sense that they might either be overly aggressive or abnormally passive. They do not connect with other people around them and do not reciprocate to communication verbal or nonverbal. Their social expressions are limited to extreme display of emotions like screaming, crying or laughing profusely with infrequent signs of subtle expression such as smiling or frowning. They do not establish and maintain eye contact when communicating. They develop routines and are resistant to changes in their routines, they get upset when their routines are broken. People with autism tend to exhibit compulsive behaviour and develop ritualistic behaviour in their daily routine. Common repetitive behaviours include hand-flapping, head banging, rocking, jumping and twirling, arranging and rearr anging objects and repeating sounds or words. Consequences a. Individual Discrimination due to an autistic childs abnormal behavior, people around him may discriminate him, brand him as crazy and they may have prejudgements about him. Isolation because he is being discriminated upon, he may further isolate himself and not connect with other people anymore Potential for neglect because of his inability to express himself, his family and carers may not know what he wants or needs leading to neglect Potential for abuse due to his difficult behaviour, his family and carers may be frustrated leading to potential physical or verbal abuse Low self-esteem because he is different from others, his self-esteem may become lower Potential for self-mutilation his repetitive and unusual behaviours may result in harming himself. If he is disrupted from his routines, he may throw tantrums and hurt himself. b. Family Stress constantly caring and managing the difficult behaviour of an autistic child can be very stressful to the family Exhaustion – the physical demands of caring for an autistic child can be very tiring leading to exhaustion. Autistic children often have disturbed sleep pattern and they need constant supervision which is physically exhausting. Burn out – constant exposure to stress and exhaustion can lead to burn out of the family. They may feel isolated and depressed and may reach breaking point if they don’t get help. Guilt – the parents may feel feelings of guilt and blame themselves for the condition of their child. Embarrassment because of the unusual behaviour of the autistic child, the family may feel embarrassed especially when they are in public places Isolation – due to embarrassment, they may opt to stay at home and not socialize anymore Financial problems – autistic children may need more for his needs, therapies and medications and the family may struggle with their finances. c. Carers Stress – constantly looking after an autistic child and managing his unusual behaviour can be very stressful to the carer. When the child’s routine is disrupted and he gets very upset, he may throw tantrums putting the carer under stress. Exhaustion – physical demands of caring for an autistic child is tiring and can lead to exhaustion. The child may be overly passive or overly active and they may be very difficult to handle leading to exhaustion. Burn out – constant exposure to stress can lead to burn out. This may cause the carer to lose interest in taking care of the child leading to neglect and abuse. May give up job – the carer may be unable to cope with the challenging behaviours of the child and may give up caring for the child Impact on the diverse dynamic of the family Autism affects not only the individual but the whole family. An autistic child may have unusual behaviours, difficulty expressing himself and difficulty connecting with people. This can cause parents to have a hard time accepting the child’s condition and they may feel very frustrated of not being able to connect with their child. Autism may be very overwhelming for them and they may feel very depressed about the condition of their child. Stress due to unusual behaviours can lead to burn out and feelings of emptiness. They may feel anger, resentment and guilt. All the family members may feel isolated and helpless and they may neglect themselves putting forward the needs of their autistic child. Autism can either bind the whole family giving support to each other while caring for the autistic child or the constant exposure of the family in a stressful environment may lead to their falling out as a family. Code of Rights Right to be treated with respect Even though a child is autistic, he is still a human being and has the right to be treated with respect whatever behaviour he may display. Even if he cannot express himself, he still has the right to have his own privacy respected. Right to freedom from discrimination, coercion, harassment and exploitation His unusual behaviours make him prone to discrimination and his inability to connect and communicate with people can lead to exploitation and abuse. People should bear in mind that he is a human being and have the right to freedom from discrimination, coercion, harassment and exploitation. Right to dignity and independence Family and carers must ensure that his dignity and independence is upheld. As much as possible promote independence to the child, encourage him to do things to increase his self-esteem and dignity. Right to services of an appropriate standard The family should be made aware of the services that they can tap for the benefit of their autistic child. The child should not be denied of services appropriate for him and his family to optimise their quality of life. He is entitled to early intervention services and special education. Right to effective communication Due to inability to express himself, people should try all means to communicate effectively with him so that he may understand information conveyed to him. Right to be fully informed Even if he cannot communicate effectively, an autistic person together with his family still have the right to be fully informed of whatever procedure or services that will be done to him. Right to support The need of an autistic child is different from normal kids and they may need enormous amount of support. As an individual, they have the right to be given the support that they need. Support needs Autistic children need early and life-long intervention to manage their behaviour and enhance their communication skills. Early intensive behavioural therapies in young autistic children are effective in improving their social and communication skills and it can promote their independence as an individual. There are support groups that are available for families and their autistic child so that they can better deal with autism and optimize their lives. These groups provide counselling, behavioural therapies, accommodation and supported living, respite services, training and education, and day services. These groups are: Autism Parent Support Group Autism Therapy Groups Autism NZ Altogether Autism Mental Health Foundation NZ Intellectually Handicapped Children (IHC) Ministry of Education District Health Boards B. People with dementias 3.1-3.3 Dementia According to Alzheimer’s New Zealand (2012), â€Å"dementia occurs as a result of physical changes in the structure of the brain†. These changes can affect memory, thinking, behaviour, personality and emotion. Because dementia is a progressive syndrome, symptoms will gradually worsen. Plaques and tangles form in the brain and spread through the cortex as dementia progresses causing the nerve cells to die. The plaques and tangles disrupt the messages within the brain, damaging the connections between the brain cells. The brain shrinks due to loss of nerve cells, the cerebral cortex (gray matter) become less and the spaces between the cells become wider thus losing communication between the nerve cells. This leads to slower or no reaction at all and loss of ability to think and make decisions. The disease is characterized by gradual memory loss; decline in ability to perform tasks; impairment in cognitive functioning like impaired judgement, decision-making, abstract and logical thinking; disorientation; changes in mood and behavior; and loss of language skills. Consequences Individual Confusion – due to his loss of memory and inability to recognize things, he may be confused with all the things and people that surround him and this may cause him to be anxious and show challenging behaviours Frustration – because of his difficulty remembering and expressing his thoughts, he might be upset and frustrated with himself Display difficult behaviours – to compensate for his inability to express and communicate effectively, he may display difficult and aggressive behaviours to try and express what he wants Potential for self-injury – his inability to recognize dangerous things may pose harm to him and his constant wandering and not finding his way around can also pose danger to him Isolation – because he have difficulty remembering people, he might isolate himself or the people around him might not connect with him Potential for self-neglect as dementia progresses, he will become slower and more confused and may need constant reminding about his need to eat, to drink, to go to the toilet or have a wash and get dressed. Potential for abuse – when he displays difficult behaviour, his family and carers may get frustrated and irritated which can result to physical or verbal abuse Family Stress Constantly caring for a dementia client everyday can be stressful to the family especially the family member who is assigned to take care of the client. This can be physically and emotionally tiring leading to exhaustion and burnout Frustration when the client shows challenging behaviours, the family may feel frustrated and irritated because they may not know how to handle him Isolation – because they have to constantly look after the client, they may lose relationships and social contacts which can lead to isolation. They may also feel embarrassed with the odd behaviour of the client causing them to isolate themselves. Depression – the condition of the client may cause them sadness and depression, the loss of the person they once knew can result to feelings of loss and grief Financial problem – the family may not be able to constantly look after the client and may hire a carer or put him to a nursing home which can drain their resources Role changes – the family may have to assume the role the client used to have like if he is the head of the family, his spouse or eldest child may have to manage their finances and decision making. Carers Stress – Because dementia clients cannot communicate effectively what they need or want, they may display difficult behaviours to express themselves. The healthcare worker may have difficulty understanding the client which can put them under stress. Exhaustion Constantly working and looking after a dementia client is very physically demanding and this can result to tiredness and exhaustion. Challenging behaviour of the client, wandering around, incontinence and inability to communicate properly can be very stressing to the healthcare worker. Burnout – constant exposure to stress can lead to burn out and they may lose interest in taking care of the client. Potential to abuse client – due to the challenging behaviour of a dementia client, they may also become aggressive and violent, the carers may lose patience which can result to abuse of the client physically or verbally. Impact on the diverse dynamic of the family The family may go through a lot of emotions upon diagnosis of a family member with dementia. The client may be oblivious to what is happening around him due to memory changes and it is the family that will go through the process of loss and grief. The family may grieve over the loss of the person they used to know and love, they may grieve over the loss of relationship, or they may grieve over the loss of the future they have planned together. The difficult and challenging behaviour of the client can put them under so much stress which can lead to exhaustion or burn out. Taking care of the client with dementia everyday can be overwhelming for them and may either strengthen their family or weaken them. Code of Rights Right to be treated with respect A dementia client has the right to be treated with respect whatever behaviour he may display. Even if he cannot express himself, he still has the right to have his own privacy respected. Right to freedom from discrimination, coercion, harassment and exploitation His unusual behaviours make him prone to discrimination and his inability to connect and communicate with people can lead to exploitation and abuse. People should bear in mind that he is a human being and have the right to freedom from discrimination, coercion, harassment and exploitation. Right to dignity and independence Family and carers must ensure that his dignity and independence is upheld. As much as possible promote independence and encourage him to do things for himself to increase his self-esteem and dignity. Right to services of an appropriate standard The family should be made aware of the services that they can avail for the benefit of the dementia client. He should not be denied of services appropriate for him and his family to optimise their quality of life. Right to effective communication Due to inability to express himself, people should try all means to communicate effectively with him so that he may understand information conveyed to him. Right to be fully informed Even if he cannot communicate effectively, the client should still have the right to be fully informed of whatever procedure or services that will be done to him. Right to support The client has the right to be given the support he needed and be supported by carers of his choice. Support needs Dementia clients have varying needs according to the severity of their disease. Some may need constant reminders only due to their memory changes and some may need full assistance because they have forgotten how to do their ADLs. Dementia is a progressive disease and as the client’s condition worsens over time, they may need constant support and care throughout the course of their disease. Dementia not only affects the individual but also his family and carers, this is life-changing for all of them. They may need people who can truly understand what they are going through. There are support groups available for families and carers where they can connect and access services. These groups provide counselling and stress management techniques; provide support system like personal care, domestic care and carer support ; share knowledge and information on how to effectively manage challenging behaviours; provide education and training; provide links to resources available in the community like facilities/institutions who provides respite care, day care services, sitting services and others. These groups are: Alzheimer’s New Zealand Age Concern Residential care Facilities Home Based Services Health and Disability Commissioner Citizens Advice Bureau Work and Income Ministry of Health District Health Boards 3.4 References Alzheimer’s New Zealand (2012). Retrieved from http://www.alzheimers.org.nz/about-dementia/what-is-dementia#sthash.tFkup8ng.dpuf Autism Speaks Inc. (2014). Autism and your family. Retrieved from http://www.autismspeaks.org/what-autism/autism-your-family Careerforce (n.d.) Community support services for people with dementia. Retrieved from http://ilearn.careerforce.org.nz/mod/book/view.php?id=272 Gillberg, C., Hollander, E., Kolevson, A. (2011). Textbook of Autism Spectrum Disorder. Virginia, USA: American Psychiatric Publishing Inc. Rhojoesa BingayenPage 1

Impact of Wal-Mart on the US Economy Essay -- Business Economics

Impact of Wal-Mart on the US Economy Wal-Mart has had a significant economic impact on the US, as well as the economies of countries that have relations with the US. Wal-Mart is the world’s biggest company of any kind, with 80 percent of the households in America purchasing something from the superstore; it is the nation’s largest retailer. Wal-Mart’s continuing price reduction has given Americans the advantage of being able to afford 15 to 20 percent more than they previously could. (Hansen) In a world governed by globalization and greed, competition has become rigid; as a result firms like Wal-Mart have utilized advanced marketing strategies to insure that they are on the ‘neck’ of competition, and are the core deciders of the market. (Ortega) However, Wal-Mart made decisions that were of a disadvantage to aspects of the economy, including the depletion on a small scale of Small Town USA. Wal-Mart has been of a great advantage to the US economy, being the world’s largest private employer thus providing more jobs. Wal-Mart is currently employing 1.5 million which equals to the population of 12 states. In addition, Wal-Mart has caused the lowering of prices of competitors known as the ‘Wal-Mart effect’, this saved Americans approximately $100 billion in 2002. (Hansen) On a smaller degree, this caused an individual American to save 15 to 20 percent of their income on necessities, allowing the surplus to be utilized in a fashion that allows an expenditure which fulfills a specific luxury to the individual, for example a car etc.. From my point of view, this allows the less advantaged to be able to purchase beyond necessities, and causing more money to spread through the market rather than the recycl... ...al-Mart’s methods to keeping these prices down have been immoral. In addition, they have taken advantage of town resources for example, subsidies, employee benefits and exploitation of cheap labor. Even though they have surpassed significantly in attracting customers all over the nation, they failed to do so ethically. This has created losses to competitors, and the battle for profit is an ongoing one. Therefore, I believe that Wal-Mart has become an economical disaster to competitors and the US as a whole. This is due to the exporting of huge amounts of funds to Asian countries, which in turn reduced the funds in the US due to continuous import costs. Works Cited: Hansen, Brian. "Big-Box Stores." Are They Good For America? 14 (2004). 14 Mar 2005 <www.libraries.psu.edu/cqresearcher>. Ortega, Bob. "Ban the Bargains." The Wall Street journal 11 Oct 1994.

How to Start a Community Service Project :: Community Service Essays

A continuous community service project involves many pieces that have to fit together perfectly in order to complete the puzzle. The first step is to determine your idea for your project. Then you have to find a way to sponsor your funds. Next is the step where you pinpoint which organization your community service project is going to benefit and all the event details. Finally, it is time to put your community service project into drive. Your community service should be one to benefit the people of a community. To start off, you need to come up with an idea for your community service project. Try looking in books for ideas or search your community for answers. Ask yourself, "What could my community benefit from?" Is there something your past family could have benefited from if someone has implement a community service project for them? If you are a club president wanting to start a community service project, ask your fellow members what ideas they have. Another source is elder care home and non profitable organizations. You could also ask those places if they need any help or if there is any community service project ideas they want someone to perform for them. Is there a certain concern you have for your community and would like to help out? You can always do something someone has don before and continue their project. These are all things to help you think of an idea. There are so many places you can look in order to find an idea. The ideas are innumerable and there is always s omeplace and someone who needs help. Some examples may help you understand the ideas of what to do for your project. Once example is starting a bingo night at an elder care or children's home. It is an easy task that many people do and that all people love. If someone in your family was in a orphanage, you could as a local orphanage how you could help. Tragedies are always occurring, and you could help raise money for a relief organization. If you are starting a community service project for a club at school, you could always do an activity within the school like monthly teacher appreciation or a weekly tutoring session. There are so many paths you can take when building a trail of community service projects.

Beach Boys :: essays research papers

I'm gettin' bugged driving up and down the same old strip, I gotta finda new place where the kids are hip, My buddies and me are getting real well known, Yeah, the bad guys know us and they leave us alone. I Get Around was a number on hit in May of 1964. This was the first of many Beach Boys number of hits. Brian, Carl, and Dennis Wilson were the original founders of the Beach Boys, with them were Mike Love, one of their cousins, and Al Jardine, who was one of Brians’ friends. When the Beach Boys started in 1961, no one expected their music to leave its hometown, Hawthorne, California. In October of 1962, however, the Beach Boys released their first album, "Surfin' Safari." Two years later, in May of 1964, the Beach Boys had their first number on hit with, "I Get Around." On August first of the same year, the Beach Boys had their first concert at the Memorial Coliseum in Sacramento, California. From there, the Beach Boys ratings went up dramatically. As with almost any other boy band today, girls from all over the world swooned over each and every one of the members of the Beach Boys. As for the world young men, they idolized the Beach Boys, not only because they had a carefree life style, but also because all of the girls wanted them. Not only that, the Beach Boys gave of the appearance that surfers got the girls. This created a large spark of interest in surfing, making it a popular pastime. There were two main reasons parents did not like the Beach Boys. First of all, they did not like the idea of girls running around in bikini's all of the time. Secondly, parents were not too thrilled by the idea of their children idolizing people who would often get drunk on stage. Other bands were often trying to be one step higher than the Beach Boys. For bands, it was just more competition, something no one needs any more of. Today, however, other bands look up to the beach boys. They created their own type of music, a mixture of pop and rock. They very well may have created the first pop-rock mix of all time. The Beach Boys did become quite successful, with hundreds of songs, many of them hits, and dozens of albums. Even though the Beach Boys were successful, they had their own fair share of troubles.

With Every Drop of Blood: Johnny’s Character Development

They hear a shrill scream and both slam their bodies to the ground. Johnny gets up a minute later, covered In a thick layer of dirt, and realized that Cush Is dead still and oozing with blood. Johnny could leave Cush there to die, but he carries him onto his wagon and insists that he stay keep Cush company while his leg heals- even though Cush suggested that Johnny leave him and head home.The book With Every Drop of Blood, by James Lincoln Collier and Christopher Collier, is a story about an unlikely friendship between Cush, n African American union soldier, and Johnny, a southern white boy, set during the civil war. In the beginning of the book, Johnny is an ignorant racist. However, Johnny's friendship with Cush helps him overcome his racist views. Johnny is shocked when he is captured by Cush. He is used to being superior to African Americans, not being commanded and pushed around by one.Everyone back home says It Is beneath the dignity of a white man to have to fight â€Å"darkl es† as equals, and Johnny agrees. He is even questioning whether or not Cush has the rains to know how to shoot a rifle. Johnny thinks to himself, â€Å"Darkles weren't smart enough for much, which Is why they had to have white people over them to tell them how to do things† (p. 77). Being surrounded by racists his whole life has shaped Johnny's opinions about black people, but those opinions change as he gets to know Cush better. Johnny starts to see things from the African American's point of view.He pretends to go to bury EJB, when he was really going to make an escape and go head mom. He gets caught by the Union soldiers and brought back to the camp. There, he gets talking to Cush about his former life as a slave. Cush tells Johnny how his back was whipped raw Just for taking a piece of pork from a pig, right after his father was sold off. Johnny thinks about his home, where people said blacks were lazy, greedy, and too dumb to take care of themselves without a mast er. Johnny thinks, â€Å"l never asked a dark how they felt about being slaves.Was everybody back home wrong? ‘ (p. 42) Now he realizes that everything he was told about slavery could be distorted. Because Cush Is an African American In a union uniform, he gets caught by some Confederates who lock him up in an old tobacco barn in Appoint. Johnny pretends that his family owns Cush, and that they really need the extra help on the farm. The Confederates refuse to release Cush, so Johnny leaves the barn without him and goes to look for Colonel Marshall to see if he'll be any help. Marshall is nowhere to be seen, so Johnny asks a man named Mares Mclean.Mclean tells Johnny that the war has ended. The gunshots stop, and the Confederate soldiers release Cush. Johnny stands by the barn with him and thinks â€Å"It was mighty hard to believe that Cush was lower than me. † Then Johnny offers Cush some company on his way home. Johnny goes from a an Ignorant racist to someone that risks his life to save a black talks to Cush, the more he feels empathy for slaves. Johnny ends up becoming very good friends with Cush, and they both save each other's life. Johnny's friendship with Cush helps him overcome his racist views.

Learning Styles – VAK

VAK theory is widely recognised by teachers – particularly those who recommend accelerated learning techniques – but the idea that we receive information via different modes has been around considerably longer than that and can be traced back to the work of Grace Fernald (â€Å"Remedial Techniques in Basic School Subjects†) who promoted kinaesthetic learning techniques; Samuel Orton’s work on dyslexia; Anna Gillingham’s subsequent work on developing multisensory approaches; and the holistic educational philosophy of Maria Montessori. (WWW. brainboxx . co. k) We all learn in different styles it’s just a case of finding out what style suits the individual learner to get the best results out of them, for example if you were to teach a learner that is best suited to Kinaesthetic learning, by giving them just handouts and talking, they will lose concentration much quicker and wont absorb any of the information you are giving them, whereas if you keep them engaged by maybe doing something as simple as giving out the handouts or give a little demonstration of what their learning they will keep engaged therefore absorbing the information for longer. There are three types of learning styles, Visual, Auditory and Kinaesthetic. Someone that requires a Visual learning style would prefer to learn using drawing, sketches, handouts, charts etc. An Auditory learner would prefer to learn with the aid of listening and then answering questions about what they have just heard, stories (maybe of past experiences), anecdotes, puns etc. Whereas someone that learns in a Kinaesthetic way would learn in a much more hands on way by building things, taking something apart and re-building to see how it works, using their hands, being able to move around etc. When setting up your lesson plan you will have to cater for all three learning types and maybe you could already have an idea on how to get the best out of your group of learners that use all three types, for example: if you have a few Kinaesthetic learners in a group or discussion session you could keep them engaged by asking them to come up and give a demonstration, or if you’re in a workshop environment you could give a demonstration for all, whilst verbally explaining what you’re doing and achieving, therefore also catering for Visual and Auditory learners. The main thing is to keep the learners engaged. (As Geoff petty says in Teaching Today) it is better to have 80 per cent concentration on a moderately effective method than 10per cent on a supposedly brilliant one.

Crime and Punishment Essay

The themes of sacrifices and egoism are usual in his works. He believes that egoism became that reason that destroyed earlier civilizations and made a threat to contemporary societies. Despite the fact that he saw nothing wrong in the wish to self-perfection, he blamed those, who tried to oppose their â€Å"I† to the rest of the world and considered only their own needs and desires. Raskolnikov, the protagonist of Crime and Punishment is severely punished for his extreme egoism and daring to take the decision about human lives. For example in The Brothers Karamazov Zosima worries about moral responsibility for all actions, committed by the person. Ivan doubts his views and states that responsibility is nothing but abstract notion and without God it becomes impossible to talk about any limits to the behavior of an individual. In the poem Ivan declaims to his brother in the cafe he expresses his view on the free will. The Inquisitor blames Jesus for giving people free will, which has become a hard burden and the reason of misery. The feeling of guilt becomes Ivan’s price for an attempt to express his free will. Dostoevsky does not agree or disagree with any opinion discussed but he constructs the plot of the story in such a way that the readers get an opportunity to get the proofs of ideas, expressed by Zosima. (Dostoevsky) The characters of Dostoesky are haunted by their past. In many his stories people cross the limit and take excessive responsibility to make the decision for other people and get severe punishment for it. In contrast to Borges, whose characters exist in present, and to Tolstoy, who regarded human history as a reason for all the events, which happen to us, Dostoevsky made the past the reason of suffering and misery. His characters are haunted by the ghosts from the past and can not find their place in present. For Dostoevsky the conflicts between free will and determination, and between egoism and responsibility become driving force and a source for creativity. All three authors use literature not only as means to bring their messages for the readers, but also as a way to resolve their inner conflicts. Art is always a personal experience for both – creator and those, who perceive it, and Dostoevsky, Tolstoy and Borges make their art serve one ultimate purpose – a quest for the meaning of life. Sources Dostoevsky, Feodor (1992). Crime and Punishment. Pevear, R. and Volokhonsky, L. transl. New York: Alfred Knopf. Dostoevsky, Feodor (1992). The Brothers Karamazov. , Pevear, R. and Volokhonsky, L. transl. New York: Alfred Knopf. Dostoevsky, Fyodor translation by Pevear, Richard and Volokhonsky, Larissa (1990). The Brothers Karamazov. New York: Farrar, Straus, and Giroux. Tolstoy, Leo (1969). War and Peace , transl. Rosemary Edmonds, Penguin. Borges, Jorge Luis (1998). Collected Fictions(translated by Andrew Hurley), Viking Penguin

Suenos de Una Tarde Dominical En La Alameda Central

The author of this mural is Diego Rivera. He is one of the most important artists in Mexico. Also, he had the capacity to involve the people in his work. Diego Rivera always focused his work on politics and history of Mexico. We have the clear example in Suenos de una Tarde Dominical en la Alameda Central. It was painted for Diego Rivera in 1947. The original mural was established in one of the principal walls in the Prado Hotel, but after the earthquake in 1985 it was removed to Palacio Nacional in Mexico City. As had been noted, Diego Rivera a long of 74m2 painted the most important events from Mexican history, dedicated for all the people. For this reason, I chose to analyze this source, because I like the Mexican history and I am fan of Diego Rivera. Suenos de una Tarde Dominical en la Alameda Central focused on the claim of Indigenas (native groups), that was a fundamental topic by Diego Rivera. Another important topic that is represented in the mural is the fight of the social classes. Besides this, the mural was designed in chronological order; it begins on the left side with the Conquest of Mexico. Diego Rivera in so many cases represented the figure of Hernan Cortez with a grotesque image but in this case, he represented Cortez with his hands bleeding. Also in the mural he painted the first New Spain Archbishop, Fray Juan de Saronga who in 1539 was ordered to burn alive one son of Nezahualcoyolt. This person was the first victim of the Holy Inquisition in New Spain. This terrifying institution was brought from Spain and burned alive all the people that were accused for heresy. In the mural this ritual is personified for Dona Mariana de Carbajal, who mounted on a donkey is driven to fire; she is followed by San Benito Verde, a symbol of the executioner. Likewise appearing in this section is Luis de Velasco who was the eighth viceroy in the New Spain, he opened the Alameda in 1592. In addition, an important figure in this mural is Sor Juana Ines de la Cruz, she was the most important poet in the seventeen century and a Woman’s Rights defender. On the other hand, the painter Diego Rivera devoted half of his life to painting murals. In some cases his work was misunderstood and destroyed. For example this mural, when it was opened one archbishop denied to bless the Prado Hotel because the mural has the phrase â€Å"God does not exist†. This phrase was written on a paper that was held for Ignacio Ramirez, who was a free thinker. A consequence of this was diverse Catholic’s groups attacking the mural. To avoid the damage it was covered for eight years until 1956, when it was showed again after the painter had already changed the phrase to â€Å"Conferencia de Arteletra de ano 1836†. In the second stage of the mural Diego Rivera painted Mexico as an Independent country. He also painted the figure of Antonio Lopez de Santana, who was general and political figure; he was president of Mexico for eleven years between 1833 and 1855. Next to Santana appears the Gral. Winfield Scott invaded Mexico in 1846, comanded his troops to occupy the Alameda during the invasion. Nonetheless, in the same section we have a mystery, some people question why Diego Rivera did not paint the principal figures of Mexico’s Independence. For example, Miguel Hidalgo and Morelos he did not consider them important figures, instead he chose the face of Iturbide who was in the Spanish military. Iturbide helped and supported the Independence of Mexico and was emperor of Mexico for ten months. In addition is important to mention that Diego Rivera in his mural mixed characters from history and folk. For example, the old man who was sleeping. In any event, Diego Rivera liked to present the history of Mexico in his murals. Other stages he represented were the reform and imperialism, Diego Rivera painted the character of Benito Juarez holding a role, in it is a phrase about respect. Among other people in the mural that is presented are Maximiliano and his wife Carlota. He was emperor of Mexico, during his period Carlota remodeled the Alameda because it was in bad condition. The reform was related with Benito Juarez and Imperialism was releated with Maximiliano de Hasburgo. Finally, the artist expressed the Porfiriato. It was denoted by the newspaper â€Å"EL IMPARCIAL† one of the most important newspapers in those years. Therefore, the mural has a lot of details and symbolism that focuses on the claim of Indigenas and on the social classes. For this reason, is important know that the mural was painted during the presidency of Miguel Aleman in Mexico. This period was relevant because he fought against the social classes such as Diego Rivera. He was also interested in the equality between the workers and entrepreneurs. Another important event was the reform of the third article in the constitution. In consequence, a lot of places like Bellas Artes and other important culture centers was remodeled and opened for all the people. Also, this reform prevented and combated the illiteracy in Mexico. The liberty of expression by the artist given more respect and artists like Diego Rivera could paint murals about the government and the injustice he experience from the government without a problem, except for some religious groups. In fact, this mural is an inspiration for all the Mexicans because it represented the most important events in the Mexican history. Also, this mural symbolizes all the people that fought for a better country in the different stages of the Mexican history. For example Benito Juarez, who was president of Mexico and established the Reform Laws. In the same way, Diego Rivera expressed his opinion about the injustice that some groups were subject to. Also the artist illustrated a day in la Alameda Central, one of the most important places in Mexico City. The placement of his mural was seen as an advantage, because it is in Palacio National the home of experts and critics in history, politic and art. For this reason Diego Rivera and his mural are an important piece for represent the pace and justice in Mexico.

Impact of Data Warehousing and OLAP Models on Management Accounting Dissertation

Impact of Data Warehousing and OLAP Models on Management Accounting - Dissertation Example The questions were categorised into seven sections that cover the aspects of familiarity of the organisation with these tools, historical data for planning the implementation, changes and compatibility of people in various departments, contribution of OLAP to management accountant and other departments. The data collected were analysed in Excel and by SWOT analyses. The strengths, weaknesses, opportunities and threats in implementing OLAP and data warehouses for the organisation and the management accountant have been analysed. It has been identified that the strengths are more and the threats are less. Hence the impact of the OLAP and data warehouses on management accountant is positive and their overall benefits it that the data analysis and reporting is easy and efficient. Table of Contents Chapter 1 - Introduction 1.1. Research scenario 1.2. Identification of research problem 1.3. Main research question and Assumptions 1.4. Aim and Objectives of the Research 1.5. Methodology of r esearch 1.6. Structure of the research Chapter 2 – Literature Review 2.1. The Traditional Accountant 2.2. Challenges faced by The Traditional Accountant 2.3. Transition of role 2.4. The Data Marts 2.5. Introduction to OLAP 2.6. OLAP models 2.6.1. Data analysis in OLAP 2.6.2. OLAP components 2.7. The role of OLAP 2.8. Mapping the BI 2.9. Database Design 2.10. Warehouse Management 2.11. Challenges and implications of BI tools Chapter 3 - Methodology of Research 3.1. Research Methodologies 3.2. Qualitative survey method 3.3. Data collecting instrument 3.4. Sample space and sample size 3.5. Validity, Originality and Limitation of the research Chapter 4 – Data Presentation and Analysis 4.1. Qualitative Data representation 4.1.1. Section I Questions – Data Representation 4.1.2. Section II Questions – Data Representation 4.2. Preliminary data analysis in EXCEL 4.2.1. Analysis of section I questions 4.2.2. Analysis of section II questions 4.2.3. Analysis of secti on III questions 4.2.4. Analysis of section IV questions 4.2.5. Analysis of section V questions 4.2.6. Analysis of section VI questions 4.2.7. Analysis of section VII questions 4.3. SWOT analysis method 4.4. SWOT analysis of research data Chapter 5 – Research Recommendations 5.1. Strengths 5.2. Weaknesses 5.3. Opportunities 5.4. Threats 5.5. Research Recommendations Chapter 6 – Research Conclusion References Appendices Appendix A – Questionnaire Appendix B – Data Collected from First Participant Appendix C – Data Collected from Second Participant List of Figures Fig.2.1. The cube architecture of OLAP system. Fig.2.2. Database segregation in Business Intelligence using OLAP. Fig.4.1. Analysis of first question in section I. Fig.4.2. Analysis of second question in section I. Fig.4.3. Analysis of third question in section I. Fig.4.3. Analysis of third question in section I. Fig.4.5. Analysis of fifth question in section I. Fig.4.6. Analysis of sixth q uestion in section I. Fig.4.7. Analysis of seventh question in section I. Fig.4.8. Analysis of eighth question in section I. Fig.4.9. Analysis of first question in section II. Fig.4.10. Analysis of second question in section II Fig.4.11. Analysis of third question in section II Fig.4.12. Analysis of fourth question in section II Fig.4.13. Analysis of fifth question in section II. Fig.4.14. Analysis of sixt

Hedge and Exchange Rate Effects Coursework Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Hedge and Exchange Rate Effects - Coursework Example The model publicities play a role in the features of the industry. For all stated nations, the affiliation amid the publicity and the commerce features is widely consistent with the economic hypothesis (Bodnar & William 29). Bodnar, Gordon and William claim that it was the contribution of leading financiers’ trade and affordability conferences and the Princeton Finance Seminars through helpful remarks. The provision of information on the direct financial speculation of Japan assisted in the recognition of the trends, developments and regressions made in the financial systems of the three nations (Bodnar & William 29). Japanese stock information from the Nikkei NEEDs Databank was made accessible to Firestone Library at Princeton University and acknowledged when making the publicities findings. The dataset that was utilized in this test was one of a kind due to its information on the currency conformation of the assets of the organizations and obligations involved with the gover nments of the three nations.   ling manners: They decreased the share of the debt contracted in foreign currency and, The organizations corresponded more methodically with their overseas currency obligations with assets denominated in foreign currency and export returns This was mainly achieved effectually by decreasing their susceptibility to exchange rate shocks. More widely, this examination offers new proof on the effect of exchange rate regimes on the level of un-hedged foreign currency debt in the commercial sector and therefore on cumulative monetary steadiness. In order to test the strength of these results, Bodnar, Gordon and William verified that these findings support a broad range of circumstances and econometric particulars. Within a panel framework, the writers managed to indicate that the findings are strong to varying techniques for categorizing exchange rate organization and measuring exchange rate flexibility, potentially confounding macroeconomic inspirations, and are not propelled by adjustment s in the protocols of banks’ overseas currency loaning (Bodnar & William 29). Additionally, Bodnar, Gordon and William used an even an event test approach around exchange rate guidelines adjustment so as to contrast the fluctuations in the organizations’ overseas currency liability assets cross-sectional. However, the organizations’ had to have varying levels of overseas currency barriers. After the study, it was discovered that the adoption of flexible exchange rate rules made the organizations’ decrease their un-hedged overseas currency publicities by making use of more methodically offset assets in overseas currency against their dollar debt risk (Bodnar & William 29).  

The Impacts Of Mobile Applications On The Hospitality Industry Essay

The Impacts Of Mobile Applications On The Hospitality Industry - Essay Example In other words, communication was made easier and repeated walks became a thing of the past. In a similar way, the receptionists had an easy time recording the number of guests going in and out of the respective premises (Engel, 2013). Mobile phones have as well improved communication efficiency. It is easier for a client to directly call the management to raise complaints and book appointments than with the old way of using letters (Engel, 2013). Also, almost all hospitality organizations have pages on social media and/ websites where potential clients can post comments and ask questions while sitting at their respective homes (Withiam, 2013). In the meantime, it is now possible, in many hospitality firms, to buy tickets online while sitting at home. Obviously, such clients are happy about how easy such and similar processes become and any hospitality organization that runs its operations using the manual ways of the past is considered as lagging behind times (Barnes, 2004; Hotel Ne ws Resource, 2013). Reducing operational costs Mobile technologies have gone an extra mile in reducing operational costs. Advertising costs, for instance, have been greatly cut short by the presence of social media. It is hard to find any meaningful hospitality organization without Facebook, Twitter and website to name a few (Hotel News Resource, 2013). Such social media platforms assist in reaching great numbers of potential clients from diverse background and or around the globe (Withiam, 2013). ... Mobile phones have as well improved communication efficiency. It is easier for a client to directly call the management to raise complaints and book appointments than with the old way of using letters (Engel, 2013). Also, almost all hospitality organizations have pages on social media and/ websites where potential clients can post comments and ask questions while sitting at their respective homes (Withiam, 2013). In the meantime, it is now possible, in many hospitality firms, to buy tickets online while sitting at home. Obviously, such clients are happy about how easy such and similar processes become and any hospitality organization that runs its operations using the manual ways of the past is considered as lagging behind times (Barnes, 2004; Hotel News Resource, 2013). Reducing operational costs Mobile technologies have gone an extra mile in reducing operational costs. Advertising costs, for instance, have been greatly cut short by the presence of social media. It is hard to find a ny meaningful hospitality organization without Facebook, Twitter and website to name a few (Hotel News Resource, 2013). Such social media platforms assist in reaching great numbers of potential clients from diverse background and or round the globe (Withiam, 2013). All the clients need is to know that there exists a company page or website from where he or she can learn more about the company, ask questions and post comments. All operations involving organizational performance analysis are made easy what with the use of social media commentaries, retweets and likes on Facebook (Engel, 2013). Travel costs are also greatly reduced. Aforementioned, rather than managers moving long distances just to inform other workers about

Commen acssement Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Commen acssement - Essay Example To begin with, there is the language barrier factor. Different countries communicate through different languages throughout the whole world. This could be a massive hindrance to the scope of business especially when the businesses are to serve the foreigners (Brush, 2013). Apparently, when a business is established in a country, its ostensible purpose is to serve the local population. Therefore, the investor should be well versed in the language of communication. This will ensure perfect communication as the entrepreneur will have perfect conversations with the local population. Consequentially, when the entrepreneur does not have experience in the language, it will be a hurdle to steer the business. As a fact, communication in business is the ultimate factor that will affect making contracts and closing sales. Secondly, before initiating a business in a different country, an entrepreneur has to consider the political climate. For a business to sprout there is need for a peaceful pol itical environment. This will ensure people have free access to the markets to make purchases. As such, the business will have constant demand for the products and services. However, this is disrupted when there is political tension. People will find it difficult to access the markets for products and services (Brush, 2013). This could lead a business into unforeseen losses, as it will be making meagre sales. Similarly, an entrepreneur has to consider property rights in a country. Some countries have stringent rules and regulations on foreigners in concerns to property rights. Some countries deny foreigners full ownership rights to property. This could be a blow to the investors, as they will have difficulty when they want to use some of their assets in some instances. For example, when the foreigners do not have full ownership rights, they are unable to use such assets as collateral for a loan. Previously, entrepreneurs have not been vigilant and categorical on the economic situati on of a country. However, when investing in a foreign country, it is prudent to consider the economic situation of a country. For example, a country that has a low debt-to-GDP ratio will be prudent (Brush, 2013). Similarly, an entrepreneur has to consider a country that has low and declining unemployment rate. The employed people will be an increasing demand market for the products. In addition to this, an entrepreneur has to consider a country that record high rates of consumer spending. As a fact, some entrepreneurs also consider countries that record increasing incomes with lowering inflation rates. This is a positive sign that the business will make commendable progress after its establishment. Consequently, a country that records an increase in the middle class also proves a perfect prospect for a business. When establishing a business in a foreign country, an investor needs to focus on the exchange rate. Some countries have the best exchange rates, which is a positive sign to a business. However, some countries are marred with the worst exchange rates in the world. This could be a negative sign to a business. For example, when some assets are introduced into the country, their value decreases instantaneously. On the other hand, the value of some assets will increase when they are transported into a country with a favourable exchange rate. This could affect the business in one way or another. Similarly, an entrepreneur has to focus on the economic development of the country (Brush, 2013). Countries

Maternal Obesity Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Maternal Obesity - Research Paper Example The health indicators were developed on the rationale that they related to several of the chronic disease states and the exercise of control over these indicators would lead to significant improvement of health to a high proportion of the population (Pivarnik, 2008). Obesity is considered to have reached epidemic proportions globally in the modern world. Along with growing rise of obesity in the general population, obesity during pregnancy is also on the rise. Obesity during pregnancy is now considered a common obstetric high-risk condition (Conway, 2011). Estimates suggest that one in four of women in the reproductive age group are obese in the USA (March of Dimes, 2010). This translates into one out of every five women being obese at the start of pregnancy highlighting the depth of the public health problem of maternal obesity (Kim et al, 2007). Significance of Maternal Obesity While in general the risk of obesity among the general population is heightened due to the life styles, t he risk of obesity during pregnancy is even more because of the erstwhile practices and beliefs of women during pregnancy. Earlier it was believed that maternal weight gain was useful in enhancing infant health and reducing perinatal mortality. However, evidence from studies now point to excess of weight gain during pregnancy is detrimental to the mother, enhanced risks during delivery, and undesirable birth outcomes. It has also been found that 40% to 50 % of women during pregnancy put on more weight than is recommended by the Institute of medicine. Risk factors for this unwanted weight gain during pregnancy include higher pre-pregnancy weight, primiparity, lower income, poor knowledge of weight gain recommendations, lower levels of physical activity, and enhanced food consumption (Herring et al, 2008). Evaluation of the prevalence of maternal obesity across the cross-section of the female population in the US shows that the women from the racial and ethnic minorities and low socio -economic status are more prone to maternal obesity than women from the majority population and higher socio-economic groupings (DHHS, 2007). There are several reasons as to why maternal obesity is more prevalent among racial and ethnic minorities and the low socio-economic groups in the community. False beliefs of greater weight gain being beneficial to both mother and child make them prone to excess of nutritional intake. The high cost of healthy foods like fruits, vegetables, and whole grain and easy availability of low cost fast foods results in women from the economically segments of society more likely to use low cost unhealthy fast foods as the source of their increased nutrition, leading to unwanted weight gain and obesity during pregnancy (Larson, Story & Nelson, 2009). Lack of or poor facilities for physical activity in the lower income communities, depression, fatigue, and the lack of motivation to maintain one’s health among the women with low socioeconomic status also contributes to the greater prevalence of maternal obesity in this segment of the population (APA, 2011). Consequences of Maternal Obesity Evaluation of the consequences of maternal obesity has to be viewed from the three perspectives of consequences to the mother,

Individual Rights Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Individual Rights - Essay Example One of those such rights would be the Miranda rights. In defining them, "Also known as the Miranda Rule or Miranda Warning, when you are arrested in the U.S.A., police officers must warn you that you have the right to remain silent, that anything you say could be used against you in a court of law, that you have a right to contact a lawyer and that if you cannot afford a lawyer, that one will be provided before any questioning if so desired," Adding that, "Failure to issue the Miranda warning renders evidence so obtained to not be admissible in the court. The warning became a national requirement when ordered by the U.S. Supreme Court in the 1966 case Miranda v. Arizona and that is how it got the name," (LawInfo.com, p.1). In the respect of this definition, the case involving Jane Smith would fall into direct violation in regards to the merits and meaning behind Miranda Rights. As the rights clearly state, a person has to be given the opportunity to posses legal counsel at the time of arrest and to have on one present during legal ques tioning. Another pertinent issue towards the legality of the case against a person in Jane Smith's position is the lack of parental consent towards the interrogation of their child who would have been a minor at the time. As common law states, when someone is a minor, they are to be approached with the knowledge and presence of their parents to consent to such approach. As the alleged perpetrator of the crime in question was a minor at the time, they would still be protected by the laws for interrogating minors despite whether or not the deciding authority wishes to charge the alleged as an adult. As there had been no written transferring of guardianship, the Uncle of Jane Smith would have no legal authority in regards to determining how, or even if his niece was to be questioned by the police. With the creation of laws, there is often times events and people that come as a way of facilitating such laws needing to be in place. In the case of the events leading up to case that which lead to the creation of the Miranda Rights law; A kidnapping and sexual assault occurred in Phoenix, Arizona, in March 1963. On March 13 Ernesto Miranda, 23, was arrested in his home, taken to the police station, identified by the victim, and taken into the interrogation room. Miranda was not told of his rights to counsel prior to questioning. Two hours later, investigators emerged from the room with a written confession signed by Miranda. It included a typed disclaimer, also signed by Miranda, stating that he had "full knowledge of my legal rights, understanding any statement I make may be used against me," and that he had knowingly waived those rights (Miranda v. Arizona, p.1). Such case practices that would later become illegal with the creation of the Miranda rights at the conclusion of the trial of Ernesto Miranda. Years since, the issue of delivering Miranda rights to person's in custody has become a central issue to the implementation of the American Judicial system in the way in which it was intended. For reasons of prosecuting crimes, the information gathered from alleged perpetrators is placed under great scrutiny as it comes to the methods for which they were gathered in the first place. Such attention paid in that, if collected even with the slightest bit of a hint that something had

NASCAR's New Strategy Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

NASCAR's New Strategy - Case Study Example The lawsuit filed by a shareholder can be detrimental to NASCAR in the long run as it can lead to huge contingent liabilities. Considering the prevalence of bias in favor of the company-owned ISC, there is a small probability that NASCAR will win the case. The new rating system put forward by Brian France is met by hesitation and resistance from the current drivers. This can also probably discourage other players and hurt the company's operations. Brian France also needs to consider these issues in the face of NASCAR's move in opening a new track in New York City. All of the aforementioned considerations will have a great impact on this market development strategy. Brian France has three strategic alternatives to choose from in order for NASCAR to sustain its position in the market: 1. focus on developing strategic alliances with its sponsors and forging new ones by finding new venues where the sponsors are given more exposure; 2. voluntarily divest its shares by selling some of its stock to other shareholders; and 3. finding new markets such as Canada. NASCAR recognizes that sponsors are the lifeblood of the business organization. Without sponsorships, stock car racing events will not be held and funded. Thus, the move in developing tighter strategic alliances with current sponsors will be advantageous. ... However, this will give NASCAR the problem of identifying ways on how added and enhanced exposure could be given. The company can also voluntarily divest its shares in order to ward off threats of other lawsuits because of bias and unfairness. This can also give the business organization new blood and ideas which can be beneficial in the long run. However, divestiture can posts problems especially on the management aspect. Looking for other markets like Canada will give NASCAR and its sponsors new opportunities to promote their products. However, in pursuing this alternative, the company also needs to shell out huge amounts of investments. RECOMMENDATION: This paper recommends that NASCAR pursue the first alternative that is, pursue tighter strategic partnership with its current sponsors through the identification of venues where they get more exposure. The company can do this by setting up online gaming and putting advertisements in its gaming website. NASCAR timed advertisement during games can widen the sponsor's reach and gives them more exposure thus, maximizing their investments.

Air Quality in Tung Chung Essay Example for Free

Air Quality in Tung Chung Essay In summer, wind blow from south to east, there is low pressure on land and high pressure on sea, onshore wind from Central China and in winter, wind blow from north to west, serious air pollution in Tung Chung due to monsoon wind. As there is high pressure on land and low pressure on sea, offshore wind from Central China to Pacific Ocean blows air pollutants emitted by industries, power stations and vehicles from South China to Tung Chung. Secondly, another cause is human factors. The major developments on Lantau Island at present are the Hong Disneyland and Hong Kong International Airport at Chek Lap Kok, AsiaWorld-Expo and power station in Penny’s Bay. First, combustion of fossil fuels from the airplanes at the Airport worsens the air quality in Tung Chung. Second, busy vehicular flow to the airport, AsiaWorld-Expo and Hong Kong Disneyland and emits air pollutants. Third, fireworks at Hong Kong Disneyland produce air pollutants which are blown to Tung Chung by wind. Last, air pollutants also emitted from the Penny’s Bay Power Station. The major development project on Lantau Island in the future includes the Hong Kong-Zhuhai-Macau Bridge. The commercial work and the busy vehicular flow after their completion will further produce more air pollution. The air quality in Tung Chung is likely to be worsened in future. Rapid economic development in South China results in serious air pollution in Tung Chung. As more industries are relocated from Hong Kong to South China due to lower production cost, there is a rapid cross-border flow of goods and people between Hong Kong and South China. There are some type of air pollutants: Carbon oxides, Carbon monoxide, Carbon dioxide and Sulfur dioxide. In conclusion, the air quality of Tung Chung is poor. Physical and human factors are the causes of air pollution in Tung Chung.

Witchcraft Essay Example for Free

Witchcraft Essay (Many of the people who were persecuted as witches from the fifteenth to seventeenth centuries were those of a seemingly inferior mindset, those who are blamed for problems in the community and those who were social outcasts. ) This time period occurred throughout the Protestant, Catholic and Scientific revolutions. The victims of the witch trials were usually persecuted in Europe as a whole however focused on areas like South Western Europe. Witches were usually people who were considered inferior due to physical appearances like women and the elderly. In Document 2 of Group D, over 75% of the executions that were analyzed were female which fits into the perspective of society starting in the early days of the church. Many women were seen as sinners since it was technically Eve, the first woman who committed the first sin. In this sense, women were forever branded as a dwelling place for a devil that can easily affect those around them as described by Kramer and Sprenger who wrote The Hammer of Witches which was a handbook used during the Inquisition by Dominican monks in Document 1 of Group B. It stated in the book that females are part of a fragile sex branded for their physical appearance and considered to be easily deceived by satanic influences. Out of the singled out group of women, those who were very elderly were often considered witches since their actual age was a phenomenon. In those day, the average age expectancy was much lower and those who were seen to have surpassed those year were often accused of being witches. In Document group D, the 3rd Document, a majority of the suspected witches were over the age of 50. W.  Fulbecke stated in Document 1 of Group C that â€Å"bodies of aged person are impure† that can easily taken over and spread diseases, he decided that this is a statement was a legit reason to believe the elderly were witches. Due to the stereotypical assumptions made about women and elderly people it was very hard for people to believe otherwise. In Group C, Document 2 it shows a more pragmatic view of women and the elderly through the eyes of a doctor name Johan Wler. Wler believed that rather being messengers from the devil, they are instead affected by metal illnesses that made them believe their delusions. Some people like Thomas Ady who witnesses a man refusing to help an elderly, refers to the elderly in Document 3 of Group A as â€Å"poor innocent neighbour† showing that some people out of the majority still questioned the validation of the accusations. Although there are few who didn’t fall for the common stereotype of women and elderly people being witches, majority ruled and unfortunately many had to suffer for it. Another group of people that were treated unfairly were those who were blamed for problems in the community. In Document 5 of Group A a poem called â€Å"The Witch of Edmonton† explains a scenario of a reason to use as an accusation. Even if you are not guilty, they â€Å"enforce† the name upon you and it was a long process until the named â€Å"redemption†. Due to the influence of huge Religious figures like Pope Innocent VIII mentioned in Group B, Document 6 that it’s the duty of the population to correct the wrongs by using the Inquisition. At this point in history, the Church worked hard to keep unified and anyone who tried to get in the way were punished. The easiest punishment was through the Inquisition. Everyone feared being tortured for a false confession and then burned like Walpuga Hausmannin did in Document 1 of Group A. Hausmannin was a midwife who was involved with the deaths of many children as is normal in her line of work. Since so many unfortunate events had occurred, she was burned at the stake. Since there wasn’t much care for accusations made against the accused, all of Europe seemed to be in a frenzy. The diary of a young Protestant boy, as seen in Document 5 of Group B, showed a state of confusion and because of the instability of communities. No matter where a person turned, Hell would be right there as well despite the Church’s useless efforts. The state of chaos Europe was in was only hurt by the constant blame of the innocent people in the community. Those who were considered social outcasts like peasants, old people and even disliked officials were targeted through the reformation. In Document Group D, number 1, a chart of the occupations of all the husbands of the women who were accused of witchcraft. This chart showed that nearly all of the wealth standings were either laborers or farmers yet hardly any upperclassmen had to deal with such accusations. Not only were those who were poor but those who were non-religious were also attack. In those days, those who tried to spread a different faith or did not believe at all were heretics that were also attacked. In Document 6 of Group A, the brother of a Chief Justice points out a certain judge that believed in witches and immediately went into detail that he is the cause of much of the troubles by not handing the woman from the trial to the Inquisition attendants. Such decisions are looked down upon and immediate draw attraction to the person who does not become involved with the Inquisition. Not only were those who were considered peasants persecuted but those who lost favor with the population. According to Document Group A, the 7th document is a letter of a mayor to his daughter. He retells the story of an executioner telling him to confess to what he was innocent for there would only be, â€Å"one torture will follow another until you say you are a witch ,†. Given no other option, the mayor is then executed as many thousands of others are as well. Being different in such a radical time period meant being an enemy, one that would be persecuted until the powerful were strong and satisfied. The witch hunt’s would eventually become part of the Church’s dark history. However this history didn’t just end with the Church, it spread far and wide. One such place was Salem, Massachusetts and then later in history become an example for the Red Scare. The insecurity and chaos of untruthful and misleading leaders and influences can play a heavy toll. It can tear nations apart and rather than becoming more unified it became more disorderly. Towns and cities became depopulated and there was also an opening for true logical reasoning to come about. This reasoning will eventually turn into regulation of trials and torture in order to stop false executions, much like the judicial system does today.